Somo 1Viunga vya taa na alama: taa za barabara, ishara za mapema, mahali pa kukaa watembea kwa miguu, alama, na taa za kuwasha shuleSehemu hii inashughulikia taa na alama zinazounga mkono ufanisi wa ishara. Mada ni pamoja na taa za barabara karibu na makutano, ishara za tahadhari mapema, mahali pa kukaa watembea kwa miguu, alama za barabara, na taa za kuwasha shule kwa udhibiti wa kasi na kufuata.
Intersection street lighting placementAdvance signal and warning sign coordinationPedestrian refuge islands and beaconsCrosswalk and stop bar marking standardsSchool zone flashers and timing plansSomo 2Waya na usambazaji wa nguvu: aina za nguvu na waya za mawasiliano, njia za waya, kuunganisha, kutia chini, na makabati yanayofungwaSehemu hii inashughulikia waya wa nguvu na mawasiliano kwa mifumo ya ishara. Inashughulikia aina za waya, viwango vya voltage, mbinu za njia, kuunganisha na kuingiza, kutia chini na kuunganisha, na makabati salama, yanayofungwa, yanayolinda waya na mwisho.
Service feed, breakers, and metering optionsPower cable sizing and insulation ratingsLow-voltage and communication cable typesConduit routing, pull boxes, and slackGrounding, bonding, and surge pathsSomo 3Teknolojia za ugunduzi: loops za inductive, microwave/radar, ugunduzi wa video, na detectori za pushbutton — nguvu, mapungufu, na mwongozo wa kuwekaSehemu hii inachunguza chaguzi za ugunduzi wa magari na watembea kwa miguu, pamoja na loops, radar, video, na pushbutton. Inalinganisha nguvu, udhaifu, mahitaji ya matengenezo, na sheria za eneo ili kuhakikisha simu zinazotegemewa na kupunguza ugunduzi wa uongozi au kukosa.
Inductive loop design and sawcut layoutMicrowave and radar sensor siting rulesVideo detection setup and occlusion risksPedestrian pushbutton placement and wiringDetection zone tuning and verification testsSomo 4Vifaa vya ishara vya watembea kwa miguu na baiskeli: ishara za watembea kwa miguu zinazopatikana (APS), taa za kukagua wakati, pushbutton za tactile, na vipengele maalum vya baiskeliSehemu hii inaelezea vifaa vya ishara vya watembea kwa miguu na waendeshaji baiskeli, pamoja na APS, taa za kukagua wakati, na maonyesho maalum ya baiskeli. Inaelezea sauti, mtetemeko, na vipengele vya kuona, sheria za kuweka, na mazingatio yanayounga mkono kuvuka salama kwa multimodal.
Accessible pedestrian signal audible featuresVibrotactile indications and locator tonesCountdown pedestrian signal display logicBicycle signal heads and detection pairingTiming for pedestrians and cyclists at crossingsSomo 5Kuweka upatikanaji na mwonekano: kuweka nguzo na pushbutton kwa mistari ya kuona, nyuso za tactile, upatikanaji wa kiti cha magurudumu, na maeneo salama ya kusubiriSehemu hii inalenga kuweka nguzo, vichwa, na pushbutton ili kuongeza mwonekano na upatikanaji. Inashughulikia mistari ya kuona, ishara za tactile, nafasi ya kuendesha kiti cha magurudumu, na maeneo salama ya kusubiri yanayofuata viwango vya upatikanaji na usalama.
Primary and secondary signal sightline checksPushbutton reach ranges and clear floor spaceTactile paving at curb ramps and mediansAccessible waiting area width and gradingObstruction and clutter avoidance near polesSomo 6Nguzo, mikono ya mast, na muundo wa misingi: kuchagua urefu wa mikono ya mast, urefu wa kupaa, kina cha misingi, na mazingatio ya upepo/muundoSehemu hii inashughulikia uchaguzi wa muundo wa nguzo, mikono ya mast, na misingi. Inaelezea kuchagua urefu wa mkono wa mast na urefu wa kupaa, kuangalia vibali, na kubuni misingi kwa udongo, upepo, na mizigo ya muundo ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa muda mrefu.
Pole type selection and breakaway featuresMast arm length, rise, and signal placementVertical and lateral clearance requirementsFoundation depth, diameter, and rebar cagesWind loading, fatigue, and inspection cyclesSomo 7Aina na vipengele vya vichwa vya ishara: LED dhidi ya incandescent, vipengele (3-, 4-, 5-seksheni), ukubwa, na vigezo vya mwonekanoSehemu hii inachunguza teknolojia za vichwa vya ishara, pamoja na LED na incandescent, na inaelezea ukubwa wa lenzi, idadi ya vipengele, na utendaji wa kioptiki. Pia inashughulikia vigezo vya mwonekano, ngao za nyuma, na uchaguzi kwa mazingira tofauti ya barabara.
LED vs incandescent performance and lifespan3-, 4-, and 5-section head configurationsLens diameters, symbols, and legendsVisibility distance and cone of visionBackplates, louvers, and sun phantom controlSomo 8Uchaguzi wa kabati la kidhibiti na kitengo cha kidhibiti: familia za kidhibiti, NEMA dhidi ya viwango vya ndani, kupasha joto/kupozwa hewa, ulinzi wa surge, na chaguzi za nguvu ya backupSehemu hii inaelezea jinsi ya kuchagua makabati ya kidhibiti na vitengo vya kidhibiti, kulinganisha viwango vya NEMA na vya ndani. Inashughulikia ukubwa wa enclosure, udhibiti wa hali ya hewa, ulinzi wa surge, mpangilio wa waya, na nguvu ya backup ili kudumisha shughuli salama wakati wa matatizo.
NEMA vs local controller form factorsCabinet size, layout, and door securityHeating, cooling, and ventilation optionsSurge protection and grounding strategyUPS and generator backup integration