Lesson 1Field Quality Checks in Data Collection: Instrument Tests, Live Views, Data Transmission, Timing, and Usual Field Issues like Ground Vibrations and Man-Made NoiseThis lesson examines quality assurance in the field during data gathering, including device checks, real-time views, and timing verifications. It explains spotting and handling ground vibrations, man-made noise, elevation problems, and sensor placement issues.
Device tests and sensor checksLive views and noise assessmentsTiming, alignment, and GPS verificationsSpotting and managing ground vibrationsMan-made and surrounding noise originsElevation, connection, and array challengesLesson 2Key Seismic Data Processing for 2D Surveys: Layout Assignment, Speed Analysis, Normal Moveout, Stacking, Basic Migration, and Spotting Common Processing ErrorsThis covers main 2D processing stages from raw field data to combined and shifted sections. It stresses layout assignment, speed analysis, normal moveout, stacking, and simple migration, pointing out usual errors and their roots in collection or processing.
Layout loading and header quality checksSpeed analysis and similarity displaysNormal moveout fixes and stretching issuesStacking, coverage, and signal boostingBasic time migration ideasSpotting multiples and migration curvesLesson 3Elastic Wave Movement in Solid Materials: Primary and Secondary Waves, Speeds, Resistance, Reflection and Transmission FactorsThis reviews elastic wave movement in solids, explaining primary and secondary waves, their speeds, and resistance. It covers reflection and transmission at boundaries, angle effects, wave type changes, and connections to strength and direction in seismic records.
Elastic properties and seismic speedsPrimary and secondary wave motion patternsSound and elastic resistance ideasStraight-on reflection factorsAngle-based reflection patternsWave type changes at solid boundariesLesson 4Survey Planning and Environmental Limits: Access Routes, Power Needs, Land Permissions, Safety Measures, and Approvals for Land-Based Seismic WorkThis addresses survey planning and environmental limits for land seismic in Eritrea. It includes access planning, power supply, approvals, relations with landowners, safety strategies, and steps to lessen environmental harm while following rules.
Access planning and path clearingPower provision and gear setupApprovals and rule followingLandowner talks and dealsField safety strategies and risk handlingReducing environmental harmLesson 5Basic Model Simulation and Predicted Seismic Views: Convolution Approach, Creating Model Waveforms for Layered Earth and Simple Forms like Domes and BreaksThis introduces convolution simulation to forecast seismic replies from layered ground models. It covers wave patterns, reflection sequences, and model waveforms for level layers, domes, and breaks, comparing models with actual views.
Reflection sequences from layered modelsSelecting and shaping seismic wavesSteps in convolution model useModels for level layered setupsModels for domes and breaksComparing models with field dataLesson 6Basic Seismic Analysis: Layer Continuity, Strength Changes, Direction Standards, Layer Selection, Break Spotting, and Signs of Reservoirs in Structure versus Layer TypesThis introduces simple 2D seismic analysis, focusing on layer continuity, endings, and strength patterns. It covers direction norms, layer selection, break and gap recognition, and telling structural from layer-based traps.
Direction norms and wave phase standardsLayer continuity and endingsLayer selection methods and errorsBreak spotting and shift estimatesGaps and overlap patternsStructural versus layer trapsLesson 7Investigation Depth and Clarity: Vertical and Sideways Clarity, Tuning Layer Thickness, Wave Frequency, and Depth Limits for Target FindingThis looks at investigation depth and seismic clarity limits. It defines vertical and sideways clarity, tuning thickness, and frequency content, linking them to wave length, speed, noise, and real depth limits for targets in Eritrea.
Vertical clarity and quarter-wave ruleSideways clarity and Fresnel areaTuning thickness and overlap effectsFrequency content and weakeningDepth limits for target spottingBoosting clarity through processingLesson 8Seismic Energy Sources and Sensors: Vibroseis, Explosive Types, Source Patterns, Sensor Kinds, Connection Methods, and Noise FactorsThis describes usual seismic sources and sensors for land surveys in Eritrea, including vibroseis and explosives. It discusses source patterns, connections, sensor types, arrays, and noise factors affecting range and data quality.
Vibroseis basics and sweep planningExplosive sources and charge positionsSource patterns and deconvolutionGeophones, MEMS, and cable setupsSensor connections and planting waysSource and sensor noise originsLesson 9Seismic Ray Paths and Wave Fronts: Snell’s Rule, Critical Angle, Moveout, and Travel Time Calculations for Layered GroundThis builds seismic ray theory for layered ground, using Snell’s rule for refraction, critical angle, and head waves. It explains moveout, travel-time paths, and ray building for simple speed layers in 2D surveys.
Snell’s rule and ray factorCritical angle and head-wave creationRay paths in level layered groundStraight and slope moveout ideasTravel-time paths and curvesLimits of high-frequency ray theoryLesson 10Data Collection Layout for 2D Lines: Line Length, Direction, Coverage, Common Midpoint Spacing, Shot and Sensor Gaps, and Reasons for Design ChoicesThis explores 2D collection layout, linking line length, direction, coverage, and midpoint spacing to imaging aims. It discusses shot and sensor gaps, spread types, and real design choices under terrain and budget limits in Eritrea.
Line direction and survey aimsLine length versus target depth and slopeMidpoint spacing, coverage, and offset spreadShot and sensor gap choicesSplit-spread and end layoutsTerrain, access, and cost balances
