Lesson 1Compounding procedures for oral liquids: wetting, triturating, levigating, and homogenization techniques; equipment and in-process controlsThis section describes step-by-step compounding of paediatric oral liquids, including calculations, trituration, wetting, levigation, dilution, homogenisation, filtration, and in-process checks for uniformity, stability, and microbial quality.
Pre-compounding checks and calculationsTrituration, wetting, and levigation stepsOrder of mixing and volume make-upHomogenization and de-aeration methodsIn-process controls and documentationLesson 2Stability, beyond-use dating, storage, and transport for paediatric liquids; container selection and oral dosing devicesThis section covers stability aspects for paediatric liquids, including degradation paths, microbial risks, beyond-use dating, and effects of container, closure, storage, and transport on quality, safety, and dosing accuracy.
Degradation pathways in aqueous preparationsMicrobial growth risks and preservative needsAssigning evidence-based beyond-use datesContainer and closure selection criteriaStorage, transport, and temperature controlLesson 3Selection of dosage form: solution vs suspension vs syrup — advantages and limitationsThis section compares solutions, suspensions, and syrups for paediatric use, listing pros, cons, and choice factors based on API properties, dosing ease, stability, taste appeal, and risk of dosing mistakes.
Characteristics of oral solutionsCharacteristics of oral suspensionsCharacteristics of syrups and elixirsComparing stability and dose uniformityChoosing dosage form for specific APIsLesson 4Clinical considerations for paediatric patients: dosing by weight, formulation acceptability, and administration aidsThis section discusses clinical points for paediatric oral liquid therapy, including weight-based dosing, suitable volumes by age, formulation appeal, aids for giving medicine, and tips to boost compliance and cut errors.
Weight- and BSA-based dose calculationsAge-appropriate dosing volumesAssessing taste and texture acceptabilityAdministration aids and positioningAdherence barriers and mitigationLesson 5Labelling, counselling, and safety: dosing instructions, adverse effect monitoring, measuring devices, and caregiver counsellingThis section stresses safe use of paediatric liquids via clear labelling, precise dosing instructions, caregiver counselling, and watching for side effects, focusing on preventing errors and proper use of measuring tools.
Essential label elements for pediatric liquidsWriting clear, error-resistant directionsSelecting and teaching dosing devicesCaregiver counseling and demonstrationMonitoring adherence and adverse effectsLesson 6Calculation workflows: converting tablet strengths to liquid concentrations and calculating beyond-use quantities and unit dosesThis section builds calculation steps for extemporaneous paediatric liquids, including changing solid strengths to target concentrations, batch sizes, beyond-use amounts, and exact unit-dose volumes.
Defining target concentration and volumeConverting tablets or capsules to liquidsAlligation and dilution calculationsDetermining batch size and overfillCalculating and labeling unit dosesLesson 7Excipients for oral paediatric liquids: vehicles, suspending agents, sweeteners, preservatives, buffers, and thickening agents (roles and safety limits)This section reviews excipients for paediatric liquids like vehicles, sweeteners, preservatives, buffers, and thickeners, noting their roles, usual concentrations, safety caps, and age-based limits.
Aqueous vehicles and cosolvent systemsSuspending and viscosity-building agentsSweeteners and flavoring for palatabilityPreservatives, buffers, and antioxidantsAge-related excipient safety concernsLesson 8Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) properties: solubility, stability, taste masking, and pKa effects on formulationThis section looks at how API solubility, pKa, stability, and taste profile shape paediatric liquid design, guiding vehicle choice, pH tweaks, taste masking, and suspension or solution needs.
Aqueous solubility and biopharmaceutic impactpKa, ionization, and pH adjustment strategiesChemical and physical stability in liquid mediaTaste, odor, and bitterness masking optionsChoosing solution vs suspension from API traits
