Lesson 1Exposure and environmental control: complete undressing, warmers, preventing hypothermia, and rapid secondary survey prepThis lesson discusses fully exposing the patient to spot injuries while avoiding hypothermia. It covers safe undressing methods, privacy, warming techniques, environmental management, and preparation for a quick yet thorough secondary survey.
Safe clothing removal and patient dignitySystematic head to toe visual inspectionUse of warm blankets and active warmersRoom temperature and warmed IV fluidsCoordination for rapid secondary surveyLesson 2Breathing assessment: inspection, auscultation, percussion, oxygenation targets, and bedside monitoringThis lesson examines fast breathing checks, including looking, listening, tapping, and bedside monitoring. It stresses oxygen goals, spotting serious chest injuries, and prioritising urgent fixes.
Inspection for chest rise and deformityAuscultation for breath sound asymmetryPercussion for hyperresonance or dullnessPulse oximetry and waveform evaluationOxygenation and ventilation targetsLesson 3Airway maneuvers and adjuncts: jaw-thrust, oral/nasopharyngeal airways, RSI steps and drug choicesThis lesson reviews airway techniques and tools in the primary survey. It includes jaw thrust, oral and nasal airways, when and how to do RSI, and picking induction and paralytic drugs for trauma cases.
Jaw thrust and manual airway openingUse of oropharyngeal airwaysUse of nasopharyngeal airwaysPreoxygenation and RSI preparationDrug choices and dosing in RSILesson 4Airway assessment: signs of obstruction, indications for immediate airway control, and rapid intubation criteriaThis lesson focuses on quick airway checks in trauma. It highlights blockage signs, tough airway predictors, need for instant control, and when to intubate fast versus use temporary aids or surgical options.
Visible obstruction and noisy breathingAssessment of airway burns and edemaPredictors of difficult laryngoscopyIndications for immediate intubationWhen to consider surgical airwayLesson 5C-spine protection: manual inline stabilisation, collar types, and indications for immobilisation vs. clearanceThis lesson addresses cervical spine safety in early trauma care. It covers manual stabilisation, collar choices and fitting, when to immobilise, and safe clearance using clinical and scan methods.
Manual inline stabilization techniquesChoosing and sizing cervical collarsProper collar application and pitfallsClinical criteria for C-spine clearanceImaging indications for C-spine injuryLesson 6Resuscitation endpoints and monitoring during primary survey: blood pressure targets, heart rate, urine output, and mental statusThis lesson explains resuscitation goals and monitoring in the primary survey. It includes blood pressure and heart rate aims, urine output, mental state, lactate levels, and tweaking interventions based on patient changes.
Target blood pressure in trauma shockHeart rate and rhythm trend analysisUrine output as perfusion indicatorMental status and serial GCS checksUse of lactate and base deficitLesson 7Disability brief neuro assessment (GCS) and immediate neurologic stabilisation measuresThis lesson outlines quick neuro checks in the primary survey. It covers fast GCS scoring, pupil exams, limb checks, and urgent steps for suspected brain or spine injury, including airway and blood flow fixes.
Rapid GCS components and scoringPupil size, symmetry, and reactivityMotor and sensory limb assessmentSigns of raised intracranial pressureImmediate neuroprotective measuresLesson 8Circulation assessment: haemorrhage control priorities, signs of shock, focused physical exam for major bleedingThis lesson explains circulation checks in the primary survey, targeting fast detection of deadly bleeding, shock signs, targeted exams, and prioritising immediate bleeding stops.
Central and peripheral pulse assessmentSkin color, temperature, and capillary refillBlood pressure trends and shock index useFocused exam for external and internal bleedingEarly IV or IO access and blood samplingLesson 9Immediate interventions for breathing threats: needle decompression, tube thoracostomy, and strategies for tension pneumothoraxThis lesson details urgent fixes for serious breathing issues. It covers needle decompression, chest tube insertion, spotting tension pneumothorax, and prioritising procedures in the critical primary survey.
Recognition of tension pneumothoraxSites and technique for needle decompressionIndications for tube thoracostomyChest tube insertion steps and checksPost procedure monitoring and reassessmentLesson 10Immediate haemorrhage control: direct pressure, tourniquets, pelvic binders, haemostatic dressings, and FAST-guided decisionsThis lesson focuses on urgent bleeding control in the primary survey. It details direct pressure, tourniquets, pelvic binders, haemostatic agents, and using FAST scans to guide urgent surgery or procedures.
Effective application of direct pressureIndications and placement of tourniquetsPelvic binder sizing and positioningSelection and use of hemostatic dressingsIntegrating FAST results into decisionsLesson 11Structured primary survey (ABCDE) sequence and time goalsThis lesson describes the ABCDE primary survey order and time targets. It stresses prioritising threats, cutting interruptions, team roles, and constant reassessment for safe, efficient trauma care.
Overview of ABCDE survey prioritiesRecommended time targets for ABCDETeam roles and closed loop communicationManaging simultaneous interventionsReassessment after each ABCDE cycle
