Lesson 1Red flags that require escalation: severe dyspnea, SpO2 < 90% or significant drop, signs of DKA/HHS, chest pain, altered mental status, hypotension, persistent vomiting or dehydrationSpecifies clinical warnings in telehealth needing urgent action, such as intense breathlessness, low or declining oxygen levels, chest discomfort, DKA or HHS indicators, low blood pressure, changed awareness, and ongoing sickness or fluid loss, relevant to Eritrea.
Severe dyspnea and work of breathing on videoInterpreting low or dropping home SpO2 readingsChest pain, palpitations, and cardiac warning signsIdentifying signs of DKA and HHS remotelyRecognizing hypotension and poor perfusion signsEscalation pathways and emergency instructionsLesson 2Medication reconciliation and adherence assessment: ask-about technique, inhaler use review, recent medication changes or side effectsReviews top methods for drug matching and compliance checks in telehealth, featuring the ask-about method, examining inhaler and tool use, explaining new shifts, effects, and safety matters in Eritrean remote care.
Preparing patients for a virtual med list reviewStepwise telehealth medication reconciliationUsing the ask-about technique for adherenceReviewing inhaler and device technique remotelyIdentifying side effects and drug interactionsDocumenting and communicating medication changesLesson 3Gathering home measurements: guided instructions to obtain blood glucose, home BP, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and how to troubleshoot devicesOffers step-by-step coaching for patients to get precise home readings of blood sugar, pressure, oxygen, and pulse, covering setup, usual mistakes, fixes, and noting outcomes in Eritrean telehealth sessions.
Preparing the patient and environment for measurementsStepwise coaching for home blood pressure readingsGuided self-monitoring of blood glucose at homeUsing and interpreting home pulse oximetry safelyAssessing heart rate by device and manual methodsTroubleshooting common home device problemsLesson 4Opening and agenda-setting for a 25-minute visit using simple languageGives a planned way to start a 25-minute telehealth session, fostering connection, verifying identity and agreement, setting joint plans in easy terms, and handling time while meeting patient needs in Eritrea.
Verifying identity, location, and emergency planUsing plain language to explain visit purposeBuilding rapport and psychological safety quicklyEliciting the patient’s main concerns and goalsNegotiating a realistic shared agenda and time useTransitioning from agenda to focused assessmentLesson 5Video observation skills: recognizing respiratory distress signs, altered mental status, skin perfusion, facial cues, environment red flagsEnhances video watching skills to spot breathing trouble, changed awareness, skin flow shifts, face and body signals, and setting warnings, incorporating these into distant sorting and action choices for Eritrean contexts.
Optimizing camera, lighting, and positioningVisual cues of respiratory distress on videoRecognizing altered mental status remotelyAssessing skin color, perfusion, and sweatingReading facial expression and body languageSpotting environmental and safety red flagsLesson 6Respiratory assessment by history: onset, triggers, sputum, cough, baseline exercise tolerance, COPD exacerbation triggersExplains remote respiratory history taking, including symptom start and path, causes, spit and cough traits, usual activity level, COPD or asthma trends, and spotting acute worsening signs in Eritrea.
Clarifying onset, duration, and progression of dyspneaExploring triggers, positions, and relieving factorsCharacterizing cough, sputum, and hemoptysisAssessing baseline and current exercise toleranceIdentifying COPD and asthma exacerbation patternsDetermining need for urgent in-person evaluationLesson 7Symptom-focused questioning for diabetes: hyperglycemia symptoms, patterns, insulin/oral agent use, recent changes in diet or illnessCenters on planned, symptom-based questions for diabetes patients, covering high and low sugar signs, patterns, drug use, eating, sickness, and sick-day handling in Eritrean telehealth.
Screening for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia symptomsExploring home glucose logs and daily patternsReviewing insulin and oral diabetes medication useAssessing diet, activity, and recent illness changesDiscussing sick-day rules and self-managementIdentifying diabetes red flags needing escalationLesson 8Home safety and social determinants: living alone, access to meds/food, transportation, caregiver availabilityExamines assessing home safety and social factors in telehealth, including living setup, drug and food access, travel, helper support, and involving social aid or community help in Eritrea.
Assessing living situation and basic home safetyEvaluating access to medications and refillsScreening for food insecurity and nutrition risksIdentifying transportation and technology barriersAssessing caregiver availability and caregiver strainCoordinating referrals to social and community resourcesLesson 9Assessing anxiety remotely: screening questions, duration, safety concerns, functional impactInstructs on remote anxiety checks using short questions, symptom length and setting, safety issues, daily effects, and escalating for urgent mental health or crisis review in Eritrea.
Building comfort to discuss emotional symptomsUsing brief anxiety screening questionsExploring duration, triggers, and coping effortsAssessing impact on sleep, work, and self-careScreening for safety, self-harm, and substance useCoordinating follow-up and mental health referrals
