Lesson 1Assessing exudate, odour, peri-wound skin condition, and wound edge morphologyExplains step-by-step checking of fluid discharge, smell, skin around the wound, and edge shapes. Relates findings to signs of infection, softening, poor blood flow, and pressure damage. Helps nurses use uniform words and records for better team talks in local clinics.
Exudate amount, colour, and thicknessDistinguishing clear, bloody, pus-likeOdour timing, strength, and likely causesPeri-wound softening, redness, and rashWound edge form, undercutting, and hard skinStandard words for local wound detailsLesson 2Characterising tissue types: granulation, necrotic, slough, callus — identification and documentationDescribes how to see and feel the difference between healthy growing tissue, dead tissue, loose slough, and callus in diabetic foot wounds. Highlights exact descriptions, percentage guesses, and effects on recovery and cleaning plans in community care.
Normal skin, new skin layer, and scar tissueGrowing tissue colour and feelSlough look, texture, and stickinessDry and moist dead tissue, hard crust, and severe decayCallus buildup at pressure spotsNoting tissue type percentages in recordsLesson 3Vascular assessment for lower extremity wounds: palpation of pulses, capillary refill, ABI, TBI, toe pressuresDiscusses simple bed-side blood flow checks for legs in diabetic patients. Includes feeling pulses, checking refill time, ankle-arm index, toe pressures, and understanding limits with hardened vessels and mixed conditions common in Eritrea.
Looking for colour, hair loss, and skin changesFeeling foot and back leg pulsesCapillary refill and leg warmth testsDoing and reading ankle-arm index in diabetesToe pressures and toe-arm index for stiff arteriesWhen to send for blood vessel scans or specialist adviceLesson 4Infection and inflammation recognition: local vs systemic signs, using IDSA/International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) criteriaConcentrates on spotting infection and swelling in diabetic foot wounds. Separates harmless bacteria from true infection, looks at local and body-wide signs, and uses IDSA and IWGDF standards to rate seriousness and decide actions in resource-limited areas.
Normal healing swelling vs infectionLocal signs in numb and low-blood areasBody-wide signs and severe infection warningsIDSA and IWGDF infection gradingWhen to take samples and scansUrgent send-off for limb-danger casesLesson 5Relevant medical history and social determinants: glycemic control, comorbidities, mobility, footwear, living situation, access to transport and careExamines important health background and social factors affecting diabetic foot wounds. Focuses on blood sugar management, other illnesses, movement ability, shoes, home life, and getting to transport and wound services in Eritrean contexts.
Focused diabetes history and treatmentsHeart, kidney, and nerve illness linksMovement limits and fall or injury pastShoe type, fit, and wear signsHome safety, family help, and self-care abilityTransport, money, and wound care accessLesson 6Standardised wound assessment frameworks (SITE, TIME, WoundBed, and Bates-Jensen)Presents main wound checking systems for diabetic foot care, like SITE, TIME, WoundBed, and Bates-Jensen. Compares parts, scoring, and how they aid tracking and team talks in diverse Eritrean health facilities.
Aim of organised wound checking toolsSITE system parts and scoresTIME system for wound base readyingMain WoundBed score itemsBates-Jensen wound check summaryPicking and using a system in daily workLesson 7Documentation standards and wound photography: consent, consistent lighting, orientation and measurement recordingOutlines top methods for written records and wound photos. Includes agreement, privacy, body position, light, scale use, and steady setup for reliable comparisons and strong legal records in local practices.
Key parts of wound record-keepingLegal and moral sides of recordsGetting and noting photo agreementStandard body position and markersLight, sharpness, and scale useSafe keeping and tagging of wound picturesLesson 8Pain assessment in neuropathic and ischemic feet: scales and bedside techniquesLooks into pain checking in numb and low-blood diabetic feet. Reviews pain measures, words, and simple tests to tell nerve burning pain from rest pain due to poor flow, aiding pain relief and referrals.
Common pain types in diabetic foot issuesNumber and picture pain scalesNerve pain words and check toolsSigns of poor flow and night painChecking pain during bandage changesNoting pain reaction to treatmentsLesson 9Neuropathy evaluation: monofilament testing, vibration (tuning fork), pinprick and proprioception testsDetails organised nerve damage checks in diabetic feet with monofilament, vibration, pinprick, and position sense tests. Stresses methods, scores, and how lost feeling changes risks and teaching needs.
Questions for nerve symptom screening10g monofilament spots and useVibration check with tuning fork methodPinprick and heat sense testsPosition sense and balance checksRisk grouping by feeling lossLesson 10Measuring wound dimensions, depth, and tunneling: tools and techniques (ruler, tracing, photography)Gives hands-on ways to size wound length, width, depth, and tunnels. Compares paper rulers, probes, outlines, and photos, focusing on germ control and steady methods among checkers in Eritrean clinics.
Picking clean, one-time measure toolsStandard length, width, and clock methodSafe depth and tunnel probe wayUsing wound outlines and clear sheetsClinic photos for ongoing comparesNoting sizes and changes over time
