Lesson 1Warning Signs and Referral Standards for Specialist Advice (Endodontics, Periodontics, Oral Surgery)This lesson identifies clinical and x-ray warning signs needing specialist referral, and specifies standards for prompt consultation with endodontists, periodontists, oral surgeons, and others to ensure patient safety and better results in Eritrean care.
Endodontic Referral Indicators and ComplexityPeriodontal Referral Based on Staging and GradingOral Surgery Referral for Impacted or Complex TeethSuspicious Lesions and Urgent Oncology ReferralTrauma Cases Needing Multidisciplinary InputCommunicating Findings in Referral LettersLesson 2Use of Support Tests: Blood Sugar Checks, Bleeding Risk Evaluation, and When to Consult Medical ProvidersThis lesson reviews support tests for dental treatment, including blood sugar monitoring, bleeding risk checks, and reasons to coordinate with doctors for managing complex medical-dental cases in Eritrea.
Chairside Blood Glucose Thresholds for TreatmentINR, Platelet Count, and Bleeding Risk FactorsAnticoagulant and Antiplatelet Management BasicsWhen to Defer Care and Seek Medical ClearanceCoordinating Care with Primary PhysiciansDocumenting Medical Advice and Shared DecisionsLesson 3Extraoral and Intraoral Examination Steps: Soft Tissues, TMJ, Lymph Nodes, Occlusion, Periodontal Screening (PSR/CPPITN)This lesson details systematic extraoral and intraoral exams, covering facial balance, TMJ, lymph nodes, soft tissues, bite alignment, and periodontal screening with PSR or CPITN, adapted for young and older Eritrean patients.
Facial Inspection and Assessment of SymmetryTMJ Palpation, Range of Motion, and Joint SoundsLymph Node Palpation and Infection Red FlagsSoft Tissue Inspection and Oral Cancer ScreeningOcclusal Analysis and Functional AssessmentPSR and CPITN Periodontal Screening ProtocolsLesson 4Thorough History Collection: Medical, Dental, Social, Behavioral, Medications, Allergies, and Diabetes-Specific QueriesThis lesson describes structured history-taking for patients of all ages, combining medical, dental, social, and behavioral details, with focus on medications, allergies, diabetes, and how these shape safe, personalized dental care in Eritrea.
Core Elements of a Comprehensive Dental HistoryScreening for Systemic Disease and HospitalizationsMedication Review, Interactions, and Dry Mouth RiskAllergy Verification and Documentation StandardsDiabetes-Focused Questions and Glycemic ControlSocial, Behavioral, and Substance Use HistoryLesson 5Special Approaches for Pediatric Exam Methods and Behavioral Observation in AssessmentsThis lesson concentrates on child exam techniques, including age-suited communication, behavior management, nonverbal cue observation, and adjustments to clinical and x-ray procedures to ease anxiety and boost cooperation in Eritrean children.
Tell–Show–Do and Positive Reinforcement MethodsNonverbal Behavior and Anxiety RecognitionKnee-to-Knee Exam and Lap-to-Lap PositioningModified Radiographic Techniques for ChildrenParental Presence and Communication StrategiesAssessing Growth, Eruption, and Caries RiskLesson 6Pulp and Periapical Evaluation: Percussion, Palpation, Sensibility Testing (Cold, EPT), and InterpretationThis lesson details pulp and periapical checks using percussion, palpation, and sensibility tests like cold and EPT, and interprets results alongside x-rays and clinical signs for precise diagnosis in Eritrea.
Percussion and Palpation Techniques and FindingsCold Testing Protocols and Response PatternsElectric Pulp Testing Indications and PitfallsDifferentiating Reversible and Irreversible PulpitisDiagnosing Necrotic Pulp and Acute Apical AbscessCorrelating Clinical Tests with Radiographic SignsLesson 7Documentation and Clinical Photography: Standard Intraoral Photos, Image Labeling, and Record Keeping for Diagnosis and ConsentThis lesson covers standard clinical documentation and photography, including intraoral images, camera setups, retraction, labeling, and secure records to aid diagnosis, planning, monitoring, and informed consent in Eritrean practices.
Essential Elements of a Complete Dental RecordStandard Intraoral Photographic Series ViewsCamera Selection, Settings, and Lighting BasicsUse of Mirrors, Retractors, and ContrastorsImage Labeling, Storage, and Backup SystemsUsing Photos for Patient Education and ConsentLesson 8Radiographic Signs of Caries, Endodontic Issues, Periodontal Bone Loss, and Prosthetic PlanningThis lesson details x-ray indicators of caries, pulpal and periapical problems, periodontal bone loss, and aspects for prosthetic planning, such as crown-root ratios, bone quality, and limits for implants and fixed restorations in Eritrea.
Radiographic Appearance of Enamel and Dentin CariesDetecting Recurrent and Root Surface CariesPulpal Calcifications and Periapical RadiolucenciesPatterns of Horizontal and Vertical Bone LossAssessing Bone Height, Width, and DensityEvaluating Abutment Teeth and Crown–Root RatioLesson 9Radiographic Choice and Interpretation: Bitewings, Periapicals, Panoramic, CBCT Indications and Radiation Safety Rules (ALARA)This lesson addresses selecting suitable x-rays like bitewings, periapicals, panoramic, and CBCT based on age and risk, and covers radiation basics, selection rules, ALARA principles, and protection for patients in Eritrea.
Indications for Bitewings in Caries Risk GroupsPeriapical Views for Endodontic and Trauma CasesPanoramic Radiographs in Mixed and Adult DentitionsCBCT Indications, Limitations, and Dose ConcernsRadiation Biology Basics and ALARA ApplicationLead Shielding, Collimation, and Exposure Protocols
