Lesson 1Ongoing shifts since 2010s: settlement expansion, diplomatic realignments, and recent major incidentsWe look at changes since the 2010s, including growth of settlements, wars in Gaza, peace with Arab countries, splits among Palestinians, and changes in US and world talks, leading to big rises in tension and new stories of the conflict.
Settlement legalization and de facto annexationGaza wars and evolving military doctrinesArab normalization and the Abraham AccordsIntra-Palestinian political fragmentationU.S. policy shifts across administrationsGlobal public opinion and legal initiativesLesson 2Suez Crisis and 1950s regional dynamics: Arab states and Israeli securityWe analyze the 1956 Suez Crisis, secret plans between Israel, Britain, and France, and reactions from US and Soviet, showing how it affected Israel's defense, Arab national pride, UN peace forces, and Cold War sides in the area.
Egyptian nationalism and canal nationalizationTripartite collusion and invasion plansIsraeli campaign in Sinai PeninsulaU.S. and Soviet diplomatic interventionUNEF deployment and Israeli withdrawalImpact on Nasserism and Arab–Israeli rivalryLesson 3Gaza developments since 2005 and periodic escalations: blockade, governance, and conflictFocus on Gaza after Israel's 2005 pullout, Hamas taking control, the blockade system, and repeated wars, checking human conditions, ruling problems, area mediation, and how Gaza affects the bigger conflict picture.
Israeli disengagement and settlement removalHamas electoral victory and takeover of GazaBlockade policies and border controlsRocket fire, airstrikes, and ground incursionsHumanitarian crisis and reconstruction cyclesEgyptian, Qatari, and UN mediation effortsLesson 41967 Six-Day War and its consequences: territories, occupation, and settlementsWe explore the 1967 Six-Day War, quick wins by Israel, and taking of West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and Golan, following how control, UN Resolution 242, and early settlements changed the conflict's land and politics.
Regional tensions and pre-war military movesCourse of the war on multiple frontsTerritorial gains and new ceasefire linesUN Resolution 242 and land-for-peace ideaMilitary rule in occupied territoriesOrigins of ideological settlement movementsLesson 5UN Partition Plan and 1947–49 war: outcome, refugees, and state formationCover the 1947 UN Partition Plan, fighting in British Palestine, the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, and peace lines, explaining how states formed, people fled, and rival stories of win and disaster grew.
UNSCOP proposals and partition map detailsYishuv and Arab leadership responsesCivil war phase in late Mandate periodArab state intervention and major battlesArmistice agreements and Green Line bordersPalestinian refugee crisis and Nakba memoryLesson 6British Mandate period and intercommunal tensions (1918–1947)Explore British rule in Palestine, laws, immigration rules, and land fights, tracing how violence between groups, British divide tactics, and failed split plans set up for later war.
League of Nations Mandate and British objectivesBalfour Declaration and legal incorporationJewish immigration waves and land purchasesArab protests, strikes, and rural revoltsBritish policing and emergency regulationsPeel Commission and partition proposalsLesson 7Zionist congresses and early settlement (1897–1918): aims and international receptionExamine early Zionist politics from the First Congress to World War I, focusing on idea debates, settlement plans, talks with big powers, and how local Arabs saw and responded to these shifts.
Herzl, Basel Program, and Zionist institutionsPolitical versus practical Zionism debatesEarly agricultural colonies and land fundsRelations with Ottoman authorities and elitesArab press reactions and local oppositionWorld War I diplomacy and the Balfour pledgeLesson 81978–79 Camp David and Egypt–Israel peace: diplomacy and regional impactExplore Camp David talks, Egypt's separate peace with Israel, and US help, checking how the deal changed area alliances, Palestinian talks, army balances, and Arab ways toward Israel.
Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem and diplomatic openingCamp David negotiations and U.S. mediationTerms of the Egypt–Israel peace treatySinai withdrawal and security arrangementsRegional Arab reaction and Egypt’s isolationImpact on Palestinian representation and strategyLesson 9First and Second Intifadas: popular uprising, tactics, and political effects (1987–1993; 2000–2005)Follow the First and Second Intifadas, comparing people mobilization, methods, and leaders, and see how each rising changed Israeli and Palestinian politics, safety ways, and world involvement in the conflict.
Origins and organization of the First IntifadaPopular committees, strikes, and boycottsOslo process emerging from the First IntifadaTrigger events of the Second IntifadaSuicide bombings and Israeli military responsePolitical fallout for Israeli and Palestinian leadersLesson 10Oslo process and its limits: agreements, institutions, and failuresAnalyze the Oslo setup, its step-by-step way, and new bodies, pointing out main deals, safety teamwork, settlement growth, and why it stopped, leaving big end issues unsolved.
Oslo I, Oslo II, and Declaration of PrinciplesCreation and powers of the Palestinian AuthoritySecurity coordination and policing arrangementsSettlement expansion during the Oslo yearsAssassinations, bombings, and mutual distrustCamp David 2000 and collapse of final talks
