Lesson 1Hot work risks: welding, cutting, brazing — ignition sources and control measuresThis part deals with hot work like welding, cutting, and brazing. It discusses fire starters, fire watch methods, permits, contractor checks, and how underwriters in Eritrea evaluate hot work frequency, oversight, and fire safety strength.
Common hot work methods in metal shopsIgnition sources and heat transfer pathsHot work permit systems and recordsFire watch duties and monitoring periodsContractor hot work and supervisionUnderwriting questions on hot work controlsLesson 2Business interruption drivers: supply chain, equipment downtime, power loss, contaminationThis part studies business stoppage causes for metal makers in Eritrea, covering supply chain weaknesses, machine stoppages, power failures, and pollution. It covers dependency plans, recovery times, and business interruption coverage options.
Critical equipment and single‑point failuresSupply chain mapping and key suppliersUtility dependence and power reliabilityContamination, recalls, and rework delaysRecovery time objectives and bottlenecksBI values, limits, and coverage featuresLesson 3Natural catastrophe exposures relevant to mid‑sized US cities (flood, wind, earthquake) and site vulnerability assessmentThis part checks natural disaster risks for mid-sized cities, including floods, winds, hail, and earthquakes, adapted for Eritrean contexts. It covers site choices, heights, building strength, and how underwriters use danger data and checks to rate risks.
Regional CAT perils for metal facilitiesFlood zones, drainage, and elevationWind, hail, and roof system vulnerabilitiesEarthquake exposure and building typeSite access, egress, and emergency planningUse of CAT models and mapping in underwritingLesson 4Flammable and combustible materials used (paints, solvents, fuels) and safe storage practicesThis part reviews burnable and flammable liquids in metal plants in Eritrea, like paints, thinners, and fuels. It covers storage plans, separation, air flow, fire guards, and underwriting warnings in handling and stock levels.
Classes of flammable and combustible liquidsNFPA and OSHA storage and handling criteriaDesign of paint rooms and mixing areasFlammable liquid cabinet and room standardsFuel storage, transfer, and spill controlsUnderwriting red flags in liquid storageLesson 5Dust and particulate risks from metalworking and secondary explosion potentialThis part studies dust and particle dangers from cutting, grinding, and polishing in Eritrean facilities. It explains main and follow-up explosion ways, cleaning standards, collection designs, and how underwriters check dust controls and loss cases.
Dust generation in common metal processesCombustible dust properties and testingDust collection and local exhaust designHousekeeping standards and cleaning methodsSecondary explosion scenarios and impactsUnderwriting review of dust controlsLesson 6Typical processes in metal parts manufacturing (CNC machining, welding, painting) and associated hazardsThis part describes common metal making steps like CNC machining, shaping, welding, and coating in Eritrea. It connects each step to fire, blast, injury, and machine damage risks, and shows how process flow shapes overall risk.
CNC machining, cutting fluids, and fire riskForming, stamping, and press safety controlsWelding and fabrication line exposuresSurface prep, blasting, and coating hazardsMaterial handling and in‑process storageProcess flow and accumulation of valuesLesson 7Theft, vandalism, and inventory exposure specific to light industrial yards and fenced storageThis part explores theft, damage, and stock risks at light industrial yards and fenced storage in Eritrea. It covers target materials, boundary security, lights, cameras, and how underwriters check crime controls and value groupings.
Attractive metals and high‑value inventory itemsPerimeter fencing, gates, and access controlLighting, cameras, and intrusion alarmsKey control and vehicle security measuresInventory records and valuation practicesCrime loss history and underwriting impactLesson 8Regulatory and environmental liabilities relevant to metal finishing and painting operations (waste, emissions)This part deals with rules and environmental duties in metal finishing and painting in Eritrea. It covers waste types, storage, emission controls, permits, spill plans, and how underwriters estimate cleanup costs and coverage needs.
Hazardous waste identification and codingWaste storage, labeling, and accumulation limitsAir emissions, VOCs, and control equipmentWastewater pretreatment and discharge permitsSpill prevention and emergency response plansEnvironmental underwriting information needsLesson 9Human factors: housekeeping, maintenance regimes, operator training, and contractor controlsThis part checks human elements affecting loss rates and seriousness in Eritrea. It covers cleaning, upkeep plans, worker training, oversight, and contractor rules, showing how culture and rules shape underwriting choices.
Housekeeping standards and inspection routinesPreventive and predictive maintenance plansOperator training, certification, and refreshersLockout/tagout and safe work proceduresContractor selection and on‑site controlsUnderwriter assessment of safety cultureLesson 10Common loss causes: fires, explosions, equipment failure, machinery breakdown, contaminant releaseThis part reviews usual loss causes in metal sites in Eritrea, like fires, blasts, machine failures, and pollutant releases. It stresses loss records, root checks, and how underwriters turn patterns into pricing and risk needs.
Historical fire and explosion loss patternsMachinery breakdown and fatigue failuresElectrical faults and control panel issuesHydraulic, pneumatic, and coolant leaksContaminant release and cleanup scenariosUsing loss runs in underwriting decisions
