Aralin 1Engine coolant temperature at air intake temperature: epekto sa fueling at emissions control behaviorMatuto kung paano nakakaapekto ang coolant at intake air temperatures sa fueling, timing, at emissions strategies. Unawain ang warm-up behavior, sensor plausibility checks, at kung paano nagiging sanhi ng hard starts, usok, o mahinang regeneration control ang maling readings.
Cold start temperature expectationsECT vs IAT plausibility comparisonTemperature effects sa injection timingImpact sa EGR at DPF strategiesPagkilala sa biased o stuck temp sensorsAralin 2Intake manifold pressure at ambient pressure: expected values sa idle at under load, at relationships sa boostPag-aralan ang intake manifold at ambient pressure data upang i-verify ang boost system performance. Matuto ng expected idle at load values, epekto ng altitude, at kung paano gamitin ang pressure relationships upang makita ang boost leaks, stuck turbos, o hindi tumpak na MAP sensors.
Ambient pressure at altitude effectsExpected MAP sa key load pointsPaggamit ng KOEO readings para sa sensor checksPatterns na nagpapahiwatig ng boost leaksPagkilala sa MAP sensor bias o driftAralin 3Exhaust Back Pressure (o DPF differential pressure): expected ranges, regeneration triggers, at signs ng restrictionMatuto kung paano interpretuhin ang exhaust back pressure at DPF differential pressure PIDs. Unawain ang normal na ranges sa idle at load, kung paano nakakaapekto ang regeneration sa readings, at kung paano nagpapakita ng exhaust restrictions o failing DPF systems ang rising pressure trends.
Normal back pressure sa idle at loadDPF differential pressure thresholdsPressure behavior sa panahon ng regenerationPagkilala sa exhaust restrictions upstreamPaghiwalay ng sensor at hose faultAralin 4Mass Air Flow (MAF) o Intake Air Mass: expected ranges, sensor response sa throttle changes, at impact sa fuelingGalugarin kung paano interpretuhin ang MAF o calculated air mass readings sa iba't ibang loads. Matuto ng expected ranges, response sa throttle changes, at kung paano nakikipag-ugnayan ang airflow data sa EGR at boost upang gabayan ang accurate na fueling at smoke control diagnosis.
Baseline MAF sa idle at no-loadMAF response sa snap throttle testsMAF changes kapag EGR on at offPaggamit ng MAF upang kumpirmahin ang boost deliveryPagkilala sa contaminated MAF sensorsAralin 5Fuel rail pressure sensor voltage/PID at rail pressure demand vs actual comparisonUnawain kung paano basahin ang rail pressure sensor voltage at pressure PIDs, at ikumpara ang commanded kumpara sa actual values. Matuto ng pagkilala sa mabagal na response, overshoot, at low-pressure events na nagpapahiwatig ng pump, regulator, leak, o sensor problems.
Typical rail pressure sa idle at WOTSensor voltage to pressure relationshipCommanded vs actual pressure graphsPag-diagnose ng mabagal na pressure responsePagkilala sa leaks at relief valve issuesAralin 6EGR position at flow indicators: typical position ranges, response sa commands, at symptoms ng EGR faultsUnawain kung paano basahin ang EGR position at flow data, ikumpara ang commanded kumpara sa actual values, at makilala ang mabagal o stuck responses. Matuto kung paano nakakaapekto ang EGR faults sa drivability, emissions, at kung paano ihiwalay ang EGR issues mula sa boost o airflow problems.
Typical EGR position ranges by loadCommanded vs actual EGR correlationSymptoms ng stuck-open EGR valvesSymptoms ng stuck-closed EGR valvesPaggamit ng MAF at MAP upang kumpirmahin ang EGR flowAralin 7Injector correction/individual cylinder trim: normal small trims, large corrections na nagpapahiwatig ng injector/ECU/pressure issuesMatuto kung paano nagre-reflect ang injector correction values sa cylinder balance, fueling accuracy, at combustion quality. Unawain ang normal na trim ranges, kailan magiging concern ang malalaking deviations, at kung paano ikabit ang patterns sa mechanical, electrical, o ECU-related faults.
Normal trim ranges sa idle at cruisePag-interpret ng positive vs negative trimsPatterns na nagpapahiwatig ng faulty injectorsPaghiwalay ng ECU vs mechanical issuesEpekto ng rail pressure errors sa trimsAralin 8Engine RPM, throttle position, at accelerator pedal position: correlation checks at drive-by-wire sanityGalugarin kung paano nakikipag-ugnayan ang RPM, throttle position, at accelerator pedal signals sa drive-by-wire systems. Matuto ng pagkilala sa correlation faults, dead spots, at latency na nagiging sanhi ng hesitation, limp mode, o hindi ligtas na acceleration behavior sa panahon ng road tests.
Expected idle at cruise RPM valuesDual-track pedal sensor agreementThrottle plate vs pedal position trackingPagkilala sa signal dropouts at noiseDrive-by-wire faults na nagiging sanhi ng limp modeAralin 9Turbo boost pressure at wastegate control: expected boost curves, lag under load, at pag-diagnose ng boost leaksUnawain ang turbo boost pressure at wastegate o VGT control data. Matuto ng expected boost curves, acceptable lag, at kung paano gamitin ang scan tool graphs upang ihiwalay ang boost leaks, sticking actuators, at control issues mula sa tunay na engine load problems.
Target vs actual boost comparisonAcceptable turbo lag characteristicsPaggamit ng actuator command PIDsPatterns ng boost leaks under loadOverboost at underboost fault cluesAralin 10Fuel temperature at fuel temperature sensor behavior: bakit mahalaga para sa fueling compensation at expected rangesMatuto kung bakit sinusubaybayan ang fuel temperature, kung paano ito nakakaapekto sa density at compensation, at ano ang typical na ranges. Unawain ang sensor behavior sa hot soak, recirculation, at kung paano makakabingi ng rail pressure at quantity control ang abnormal na readings.
Normal fuel temperature operating rangeHot soak at recirculation effectsFuel temp influence sa density modelsInteraction sa rail pressure controlPagkilala sa faulty temp sensor signalsAralin 11High-pressure rail pressure: normal ranges, expected behaviors under load, at signs ng low rail pressure issuesPag-aralan ang high-pressure rail behavior sa iba't ibang operating conditions. Matuto ng normal na pressure ranges, ramp-up times, at stability under load, at kung paano nagpapahiwatig ng worn pumps, injector leakage, control valve faults, o supply side problems ang deviations.
Pressure ramp-up sa panahon ng crankingStability sa idle at steady cruisePressure response sa rapid load stepsSigns ng internal injector leakagePump wear vs suction restriction cluesAralin 12Battery voltage at crank/charge system parameters: epekto sa high-pressure pump at injector driver performanceUnawain kung paano nakakaapekto ang battery voltage at charging data sa high-pressure pump output at injector drivers. Matuto ng pag-e-evaluate ng cranking voltage, alternator regulation, at kung paano makakapag-imitate ng fuel o sensor faults ang low voltage sa panahon ng diagnosis.
Minimum cranking voltage thresholdsStarter current draw at RPM impactAlternator output at load responseVoltage sensitivity ng injector driversLow-voltage induced false DTCs
