Aralin 1Kontrol sa kalidad sa panahon ng pagkuha: field checks, live displays, telemetry, timing, at karaniwang problema sa pagkuha (ground roll, cultural noise)Nakatuon sa field quality control sa panahon ng pagkuha, kabilang ang mga pagsubok sa instrumento, live displays, at timing checks. Inilalarawan ang pagtuklas at pagpigil ng ground roll, cultural noise, statics issues, at mga problema sa array o coupling.
Mga pagsubok sa instrumento at beripikasyon ng sensorReal-time displays at noise scansTiming, synchronization, at GPS checksPagkilala at kontrol sa ground rollMga pinagmulan ng cultural at environmental noiseStatics, coupling, at mga problema sa arrayAralin 2Mga esensyal na seismic data processing para sa 2D: geometry assignment, velocity analysis, NMO, stacking, migration basics, at karaniwang processing artifacts na kinikilalaTinutukan ang mga pangunahing hakbang sa 2D processing mula sa field records hanggang sa stacked at migrated sections. Binibigyang-diin ang geometry assignment, velocity analysis, NMO, stacking, at basic migration, na nagbibigay-diin sa mga karaniwang artifacts at kanilang mga dahilan sa pagkuha o pagproseso.
Geometry loading at QC ng headersVelocity analysis at semblance panelsNMO correction at stretch effectsStacking, fold, at signal enhancementMga konsepto ng introductory time migrationPagkilala sa multiples at migration smilesAralin 3Pagkalat ng elastic wave sa mga matatag na bagay: P- at S-waves, velocities, impedance, reflection at transmission coefficientsPinag-uukulan ang pagkalat ng elastic wave sa mga matatag na bagay, na tumutukoy sa P- at S-waves, velocities, at impedance. Ipinaliliwanag ang reflection at transmission sa mga interface, angle dependence, mode conversion, at mga ugnay sa amplitude at polarity sa seismic records.
Elastic moduli at seismic velocitiesMga pattern ng particle motion ng P- at S-waveMga konsepto ng acoustic at elastic impedanceNormal-incidence reflection coefficientsAngle-dependent reflection behaviorMode conversion sa elastic interfacesAralin 4Survey logistics at environmental constraints: access, power, landowner permissions, safety, at permitting para sa onshore seismicTumatugon sa survey logistics at environmental constraints para sa onshore seismic. Tinutukan ang access, power, permitting, relasyon sa landowner, safety planning, at mga hakbang upang mabawasan ang environmental impact at sumunod sa mga regulasyon.
Access planning at line clearingPower supply at equipment stagingPermitting at regulatory complianceKomunikasyon at mga kasunduan sa landownerField safety plans at risk mitigationPagbabawas ng environmental disturbanceAralin 5Simple synthetic modeling at inaasahang seismic sections: convolutional model, generating synthetic seismograms para sa layered sequences at simple structures (anticline, fault)Ipinapakilala ang convolutional modeling upang mahulaan ang seismic responses mula sa layered earth models. Tinutukan ang wavelets, reflectivity series, at synthetic seismograms para sa flat layers, anticlines, at faults, at inihahalintulad ang synthetics sa real sections.
Reflectivity series mula sa layered modelsPagpili at disenyo ng seismic waveletsMga hakbang sa convolutional model implementationSynthetics para sa flat layered sequencesSynthetics para sa anticlines at faultsPaghahambing ng synthetics sa field dataAralin 6Mga basic sa seismic interpretation: reflector continuity, amplitude variations, polarity, horizon picking, fault identification, at structural vs. stratigraphic signs ng reservoirsIpinapakilala ang basic 2D seismic interpretation, na nagbibigay-diin sa reflector continuity, terminations, at amplitude behavior. Tinutukan ang polarity standards, horizon picking, fault at unconformity recognition, at pagkilala sa structural mula sa stratigraphic traps.
Polarity conventions at phase standardsReflector continuity at terminationsHorizon picking strategies at pitfallsFault identification at throw estimationUnconformities at onlap patternsStructural versus stratigraphic trapsAralin 7Depth of investigation at resolution: vertical at horizontal resolution, tuning thickness, frequency content, at inaasahang depth limits para sa target detectionSinusuri ang depth of investigation at seismic resolution limits. Tinutukoy ang vertical at horizontal resolution, tuning thickness, at frequency content, na nauugnay sa wavelet length, velocity, noise, at realistic depth limits para sa targets.
Vertical resolution at quarter-wavelengthHorizontal resolution at Fresnel zoneTuning thickness at interference effectsFrequency content at attenuationDepth limits para sa target detectabilityPagpapabuti ng resolution sa pamamagitan ng processingAralin 8Seismic sources at receivers: vibroseis, explosive sources, source signature, receiver types, coupling, at noise considerationsInilalarawan ang karaniwang seismic sources at receivers para sa land surveys, kabilang ang vibroseis at explosives. Tinalakay ang source signatures, coupling, receiver types, arrays, at noise considerations na nakakaapekto sa bandwidth at data quality.
Mga prinsipyo ng vibroseis at sweep designExplosive sources at charge placementSource signatures at deconvolutionGeophones, MEMS, at cable systemsReceiver coupling at planting methodsSource at receiver generated noiseAralin 9Seismic ray theory at wavefronts: Snell’s law, critical angle, moveout, at travel-time calculation para sa layered mediaBinubuo ang seismic ray theory para sa layered media, gamit ang Snell’s law upang ilarawan ang refraction, critical angle, at head waves. Ipinaliliwanag ang moveout, travel-time curves, at raypath construction para sa simple velocity layering sa 2D surveys.
Snell’s law at ray parameterCritical angle at head-wave formationRaypaths sa horizontally layered mediaNormal at dip moveout conceptsTravel-time curves at hyperbolasMga limitasyon ng high-frequency ray theoryAralin 10Acquisition geometry para sa 2D lines: line length, inline orientation, fold, CMP spacing, shot at receiver intervals, at rationale para sa layout choicesInilalim ang 2D acquisition geometry, na nauugnay ang line length, orientation, fold, at CMP spacing sa imaging goals. Tinalakay ang shot at receiver intervals, spread types, at practical layout choices sa ilalim ng terrain at budget constraints.
Inline orientation at survey objectivesLine length versus target depth at dipCMP spacing, fold, at offset distributionShot at receiver interval selectionSplit-spread at end-on layoutsTerrain, access, at cost trade-offs
