Aralin 1Anonymous at leaked sources: verifying authenticity, chain-of-custody issues, legal protections at limitsTinutukan ang paghawak ng anonymous at leaked sources sa iba't ibang media. Tinutugunan nito ang pag-verify ng authenticity, chain of custody, legal protections, source confidentiality, at limits kung saan maaaring pilitin ng mga korte, regulators, o platforms ang disclosure o paghihigpit sa paglalathala.
Assessing credibility and corroborationChain-of-custody and document handlingSource protection laws and shield rulesWhen courts may compel source disclosureRisk of publishing forged or altered leaksAralin 2Image at privacy risks sa video: filming sa private vs public spaces, blurring, anonymization ng third partiesTinitingnan ang privacy at image rights sa video, na naghahambing ng public at private spaces. Tinatalakay ang consent, expectation of privacy, blurring at anonymization, minors, vulnerable persons, at pag-manage ng crowd scenes o bystanders sa sensitive contexts.
Public spaces and reasonable expectationsFilming on private property and consentChildren and vulnerable individuals on cameraBlurring faces, plates, and identifiersSensitive locations and safety concernsAralin 3Personal data risks para sa written articles: health, criminal records, family details — assessing necessity at proportionalityIna-eksplora kung kailan lawful at justified ang paglalathala ng health, criminal, o family details sa articles. Nakatuon sa necessity, proportionality, public interest, minimization, at documentation ng editorial decisions sa ilalim ng privacy at data protection rules.
Special category data and legal basesCriminal records and rehabilitation concernsFamily and children’s privacy expectationsNecessity, proportionality, and data minimizationDocumenting public interest justificationsAralin 4Third-party rights: family members’ privacy, employer/employee confidentiality, trade secrets at non-public corporate documentsIna-eksamina ang third-party rights na naapektuhan ng publication, kabilang ang relatives, employers, at companies. Nakatuon sa privacy, confidentiality, trade secrets, at non-public corporate records, plus strategies para sa redaction, consent, at secure handling ng materials.
Incidental versus central third-party dataEmployer and employee confidentiality dutiesTrade secrets and misappropriation risksHandling non-public corporate documentsRedaction, anonymization, and access limitsAralin 5User-generated content at comments: platform liability, moderation obligations, pre-publication screening vs reactive moderationIna-eksamina ang legal exposure mula sa user-generated content at comments sa sites, apps, at channels. Tinutukan ang platform liability shields, notice-and-takedown, moderation standards, pre-screening versus reactive review, at policy design na binabawasan ang systemic risk.
Intermediary liability and safe harbor rulesDefamation and hate speech in commentsNotice, takedown, and staydown systemsAutomated filters versus human moderationCommunity guidelines and enforcementAralin 6Multimedia at embedded content risks: social media screenshots, embedded tweets/posts, attribution at takedown considerationsIna-analyze ang risks mula sa embedding o reproducing third-party multimedia, tulad ng social media posts, screenshots, at widgets. Tinutukan ang copyright, privacy, terms of service, attribution, at notice-and-takedown procedures sa websites at apps.
Screenshots versus native embedsCopyright in posts, images, and videosPlatform terms and API restrictionsAttribution, credit lines, and captionsTakedown notices and repeat infringer rulesAralin 7Video-specific legal risks: copyright para sa TV extracts, music at clips, right to quote, fair use analogues at licensingTinutugunan ang video-specific legal risks, kabilang ang use ng TV clips, music, at third-party footage. Ipinaliliwanag ang quotation rights, fair use o similar exceptions, licensing options, at kung paano nakakaapekto ang editing, overlays, at duration sa infringement at clearance analysis.
Using TV extracts and news footageMusic, soundtracks, and performance rightsUser videos, stock footage, and B-rollQuotation, criticism, and fair use analoguesLicensing workflows and rights trackingAralin 8Identifying defamation risks sa long-form written publications: allegations, sourcing, attribution at verifiabilityNakatuon sa defamation risks sa long-form written pieces tulad ng features at investigations. Ina-eksplora ang pagkilala sa allegations, paghihiwalay ng fact mula sa opinion, verifying sources, fair attribution, right of reply, at documenting editorial checks at balances.
Defamatory meaning and reputational harmFact, opinion, and mixed statementsSourcing, corroboration, and verificationAttribution, quotations, and contextRight of reply and editorial recordsAralin 9Podcast-specific risks: use ng recorded interviews, consent para sa off-camera remarks, defamatory spoken statements at republicationIna-analyze ang podcast risks mula sa recorded interviews, informal remarks, at edited episodes. Tinutukan ang consent, off-mic expectations, defamation sa spoken form, republication sa ibang platforms, at practical clearance at fact-checking workflows para sa audio content.
Recording laws and consent requirementsManaging off-record and off-mic remarksDefamation in conversational podcast formatsEditing, context loss, and implied meaningsSyndication, transcripts, and republicationAralin 10Cross-media amplification risks: repetition sa formats na nagpapataas ng damage at multiplicative liabilityIna-eksplora kung paano nagpapalaki ng harm at liability ang pag-uulit ng parehong content sa articles, video, at podcasts. Isinasaalang-alang ang republication rules, limitation periods, jurisdictional spread, at strategies para i-align ang corrections at takedowns sa mga format.
Single publication versus fresh publicationClips, trailers, and promotional snippetsGlobal reach and multi-jurisdiction exposureCoordinated corrections and updatesArchiving, delisting, and de-indexing
