Aralin 1Indications at timing para sa follow-up imaging at paggamit ng ultrasound o MRI sa equivocal o pregnant patientsPinag-aaralan ng seksyong ito kung kailan ulitin ang imaging, kung paano gumagabay ang clinical evolution sa modality choice, at ang mga role ng ultrasound at MRI sa equivocal, pediatric, at pregnant patients habang binabalanse ang diagnostic yield, radiation, at contrast safety.
Clinical triggers para sa repeat imagingUltrasound technique sa suspected appendicitisMRI protocols sa pregnancy at pediatricsBalancing radiation risk at diagnostic yieldKailan CT ay nananatiling kinakailangan sa pregnancyAralin 2Antibiotic at perioperative considerations na nakatali sa imaging findings (hal., extent ng contamination, abscess)Iniuugnay ng seksyong ito ang CT findings sa antibiotic at perioperative planning, kabilang ang contamination extent, abscess burden, at sepsis risk, at tinatalakay ang timing ng surgery, prophylaxis choices, at duration ng therapy batay sa radiologic severity.
Imaging predictors ng severe contaminationAbscess burden at antibiotic spectrumTiming ng surgery pagkatapos ng source controlCT guidance para sa postoperative prophylaxisImaging clues sa resistant o atypical infectionAralin 3CT features ng complicated appendicitis: perforation, phlegmon, localized abscess, free intraperitoneal air, at small-bowel obstructionPinag-aaralan ng seksyong ito ang CT features ng complicated appendicitis, kabilang ang perforation, phlegmon, abscess, free air, at small-bowel obstruction, at tinatalakay kung paano makilala ang subtle signs na nagbabago ng urgency at type ng intervention.
Direct at indirect signs ng perforationPagkilala sa phlegmon mula sa abscessDetection ng free intraperitoneal airSmall-bowel obstruction na may kaugnayan sa appendicitisPredictors ng postoperative complicationsAralin 4Pagsusukat at characterization ng periappendiceal abscesses: size, loculation, gas, at adjacent bowel involvementIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano susukatin at i-characterize ang periappendiceal abscesses sa CT, kabilang ang size, loculation, gas content, at adjacent bowel involvement, at kung paano gumagabay ang mga feature na ito sa drainage feasibility, access route, at urgency.
Standardized abscess size measurementsLoculation, septations, at complexityGas patterns at fistula suspicionAdjacent bowel at organ involvementPagpili ng candidates para sa percutaneous drainageAralin 5Contrast-enhanced CT protocols para sa acute abdomen: oral/IV contrast considerations, phases, at low-dose techniquesNagdedetalye ang seksyong ito ng contrast-enhanced CT protocols para sa acute abdomen, na sumasaklaw sa IV contrast timing, oral contrast indications, phase selection, at low-dose strategies na nagpapanatili ng diagnostic quality habang binabawasan ang radiation at contrast-related risks.
IV contrast timing at injection parametersRole ng oral contrast sa suspected appendicitisSingle versus multiphasic acquisition choicesLow-dose at iterative reconstruction methodsPag-manage ng contrast allergy at renal riskAralin 6Reporting format para sa abdominal CT sa acute appendicitis: concise findings, severity grading, at recommended next stepsInilalahad ng seksyong ito ang structured CT reporting approach para sa suspected appendicitis, na nagbibigay-diin sa key required elements, severity grading, clear impression statements, at actionable recommendations na sumusuporta sa timely, appropriate management.
Essential elements ng CT reportStandardized severity grading systemsClear impression at diagnostic certaintyActionable management recommendationsPag-uugnay ng critical at unexpected findingsAralin 7Interventional radiology at surgical decision-making: indications para sa percutaneous drainage vs. appendectomy vs. antibiotics-first strategiesIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano nakakaapekto ang CT findings sa pagpili ng antibiotics alone, percutaneous drainage, o surgery, na nagbibigay-diin sa abscess size, sepsis, comorbidities, at multidisciplinary discussion sa radiology, surgery, at interventional radiology teams.
CT criteria para sa antibiotics-first therapyIndications para sa percutaneous abscess drainageKailan urgent appendectomy ang pinipiliImaging predictors ng treatment failurePost-procedure imaging at complication checksAralin 8Primary CT findings ng acute appendicitis: appendiceal diameter, wall thickening/enhancement, periappendiceal fat strandingInilalarawan ng seksyong ito ang primary CT signs ng acute appendicitis, kabilang ang appendiceal diameter, wall thickening, mural enhancement, at periappendiceal fat stranding, at ipinaliliwanag ang measurement techniques at pitfalls na maaaring gayahin o itago ang sakit.
Pagsusukat ng appendiceal diameter nang tumpakPagsusuri ng wall thickening at enhancementPag-characterize ng periappendiceal fat strandingLuminal obstruction, fecalith, at fluidCommon pitfalls at normal variantsAralin 9CT anatomy ng right lower quadrant: appendix variants, cecum, terminal ileum, mesoappendix, at adjacent structuresPinag-aaralan ng seksyong ito ang right lower quadrant anatomy sa CT, kabilang ang cecum, terminal ileum, mesoappendix, at vascular landmarks, at binibigyang-diin ang common appendix positions at variants na nakakaapekto sa detection, interpretation, at potential surgical planning.
Pagkilala sa cecum at ileocecal valvePaglokal ng normal appendix sa CTRetrocecal at pelvic appendix positionsMesoappendix, vessels, at lymph nodesCongenital at postsurgical anatomic variantsAralin 10Pagkakaiba ng appendicitis mula sa mimics: terminal ileitis, Meckel diverticulitis, Crohn disease, epiploic appendagitis, right-sided diverticulitisNakatuon ang seksyong ito sa CT features na nagkakaiba ng appendicitis mula sa key mimics, kabilang ang terminal ileitis, Crohn disease, Meckel diverticulitis, epiploic appendagitis, at right-sided diverticulitis, na nagbibigay-diin sa wall pattern, location, at fat changes.
Terminal ileitis versus appendicitis sa CTCrohn disease activity sa right lower quadrantCT signs ng Meckel diverticulitisPagkilala sa epiploic appendagitisRight-sided colonic diverticulitis features
