Aralin 1Mga tampok ng CT sa primary lung malignancy: spiculated nodule, mass, cavitation, central vs peripheral locationPinag-aaralan ang mga hallmark na hitsura ng CT sa primary lung cancers, kabilang ang morphology ng nodule at mass, margins, cavitation, at location, at ipinapaliwanag kung paano nauugnay ang mga tampok na ito sa histologic subtype, aggressiveness, at potensyal na resectability.
Solid, subsolid, at ground-glass nodulesSpiculation, lobulation, at marginsCavitation at air bronchograms sa mga tumorCentral versus peripheral tumor patternsEndobronchial at perihilar massesCT clues sa histologic subtypeAralin 2Reporting structure: Technique, Findings, Impression, at Recommendations na inangkop sa lung cancerIpinaliliwanag kung paano i-structure ang mga ulat ng lung cancer CT, na nagdedetalye ng dokumentasyon ng technique, naorganisadong paglalarawan ng thoracic findings, malinaw na impression statements, at tiyak, evidence-based na management recommendations para sa mga referrer.
Essential CT technique documentationPag-oorganisa ng lung at mediastinal findingsPaglalarawan ng nodules, masses, at invasionStandardized language para sa impressionsActionable recommendations at follow-upPagpapahayag ng uncertainty at limitationsAralin 3Mga basics ng Staging sa CT (TNM elements na nakikita sa CT) at kailan magrekomenda ng PET/CT o biopsyIpinapakilala ang mga konsepto ng CT-based TNM para sa lung cancer, na nagdedetalye ng nakikitang T, N, at M features, karaniwang staging pitfalls, at kailan dapat magprompt ang CT findings ng PET/CT, tissue sampling, o referral sa multidisciplinary tumor board.
CT assessment ng primary tumor T stageNodal disease patterns na nauugnay sa N stagePag-detect ng distant metastases sa CTCommon CT staging pitfalls at trapsIndications para sa PET/CT pagkatapos ng CTKailan magrekomenda ng biopsy o bronchoscopyAralin 4Pulmonary metastases vs primary tumor: radiologic distinctionsNagbibigay-paghambing ng mga hitsura ng CT sa pulmonary metastases sa primary lung cancers, na binibigyang-diin ang distribution, bilang, morphology, at ancillary findings na mas pabor sa isang diagnosis kaysa sa isa pa, at talakayin ang papel ng clinical context.
Typical patterns ng pulmonary metastasesSolitary metastasis versus primary cancerCalcified at hemorrhagic metastasesLymphangitic carcinomatosis featuresPapel ng known extrathoracic malignancyKailan hindi makapagdistinguish ang imaging ng originAralin 5Imaging anatomy ng lungs, mediastinum, at pleura sa CTNagbibigay ng nakatuong review ng normal CT anatomy ng lungs, mediastinum, at pleura, gamit ang axial, coronal, at sagittal planes upang bumuo ng mental map na sumusuporta sa tumpak na localization at characterization ng thoracic abnormalities.
Lobar at segmental lung anatomyHilar at mediastinal compartment layoutMajor airways at bronchial treePulmonary arteries at veins sa CTPleural reflections at recessesPaggamit ng multiplanar reformats para sa anatomyAralin 6CT acquisition protocols at contrast phases para sa chest imagingNagdedetalye ng mga pagpipilian sa chest CT acquisition para sa lung cancer workup, kabilang ang slice thickness, reconstruction kernels, contrast timing, at special protocols tulad ng high-resolution at angiographic studies na nakakaapekto sa lesion detection at characterization.
Non-contrast versus contrast-enhanced CTArterial at venous phase chest imagingSlice thickness at reconstruction kernelsBreath-hold at motion artifact controlHigh-resolution CT sa lung evaluationDose optimization at iterative methodsAralin 7Associated findings: atelectasis, post-obstructive pneumonia, bronchiectasis, at emphysemaNaglalarawan ng mga CT findings na karaniwang nauugnay sa lung cancer, tulad ng atelectasis, post-obstructive infection, bronchiectasis, at emphysema, at ipinapaliwanag kung paano nakakaapekto ang mga ito sa detection, staging, at surgical o radiation planning.
Obstructive at compressive atelectasisPost-obstructive pneumonia patternsTraction at cylindrical bronchiectasisEmphysema patterns at tumor detectionAir trapping at small airway diseaseImpact sa treatment planning at riskAralin 8Patterns ng local invasion: chest wall, mediastinum, pleura, at vascular involvementNagbabanghay ng mga pattern ng CT sa local tumor spread sa chest wall, mediastinum, pleura, at vessels, na binibigyang-diin ang imaging signs ng invasion, pitfalls na nagmimic ng extension, at implications para sa staging, operability, at multidisciplinary management.
Chest wall at rib invasion criteriaMediastinal fat plane obliterationPericardial at cardiac involvementPleural thickening at nodularityGreat vessel encasement at narrowingPagkakaiba ng adhesion mula sa invasionAralin 9Common mimics at pitfalls sa chest CT (infectious mass-like consolidation, organizing pneumonia, granulomatous disease)Tinutukan ang mga infectious at inflammatory entities na katulad ng lung cancer sa CT, na binibigyang-diin ang imaging clues, clinical correlation, at follow-up strategies upang maiwasan ang pag-label ng benign disease bilang malignancy o pag-miss ng underlying tumor.
Mass-like bacterial pneumonia patternsCT features ng organizing pneumoniaGranulomatous nodules at massesTuberculosis at fungal infection cluesFollow-up at response assessmentRed flags na nagmumungkahi ng hidden cancerAralin 10Lymph node assessment: stations, size criteria, at extranodal signsTinutukan ang sistematikong CT evaluation ng thoracic lymph nodes, kabilang ang nodal station mapping, size at morphology criteria, extranodal extension signs, at limitations ng CT alone sa paghuhula ng malignant involvement.
Nodal station maps at landmarksShort-axis size thresholds by regionMorphologic signs ng malignant nodesExtranodal extension at fat strandingReactive versus malignant adenopathyKailan mag-suggest ng EBUS o mediastinoscopy
