Aralin 1Mga materyales at measurement: sizing TLSO, pads, straps, donning aids, clothing considerationsTinutukan ang measurements at materials na kinakailangan para sa accurate brace sizing, kabilang ang torso length at girth, pad at strap selection, donning aids, at clothing layers, upang tiyakin ang effective support habang pinoprotektahan ang fragile older skin.
Landmarks for torso length measurementChest, waist, and hip circumference sizingSelecting pads, liners, and strap typesUse of donning aids and reach toolsClothing layers to protect fragile skinDocumentation of brace size and componentsAralin 2Follow-up plan: pain at function reassessment, bone health evaluation, gradual weaning mula sa brace, referral para sa bone density management at physiotherapyNaglalarawan ng structured follow-up pagkatapos ng bracing, kabilang ang pain at function reassessment, radiographic review, bone health evaluation, gradual brace weaning, at timely referral para sa osteoporosis management at targeted physiotherapy.
Scheduled pain and function reassessmentsImaging to confirm fracture stabilityPlanning gradual reduction of brace timeScreening and labs for bone healthReferral for osteoporosis treatmentPhysiotherapy for posture and strengthAralin 3Patient education: donning/doffing, wearing schedule, activities na iwasan, safe transfers at bending precautionsNagdedetalye ng mahahalagang patient at caregiver education para sa brace use, kabilang ang donning at doffing, wearing schedule, restricted activities, safe transfers, bending precautions, at strategies upang i-integrate ang brace sa daily routines.
Stepwise donning and doffing techniquesRecommended daily wearing scheduleActivities and postures to avoidSafe transfers, bed mobility, and gaitBending, lifting, and twisting precautionsWritten instructions and teach-backAralin 4Vertebral compression fracture pathophysiology, osteopenia/osteoporosis influence, at functional impact sa older adultsNag-e-explore kung paano nabubuo ang vertebral compression fractures, ang role ng osteopenia at osteoporosis sa pagpapahina ng bone, at ang specific functional consequences para sa older adults, na gumagabay sa appropriate immobilization at rehabilitation planning.
Mechanisms of vertebral body compression at L2Effects of flexion and axial load on weakened boneOsteopenia versus osteoporosis at the spinePain generators in compression fracturesFunctional limitations in older adultsRisk of progression and adjacent level fracturesAralin 5Warning signs para sa urgent review: progressive weakness, bowel/bladder changes, bagong numbness, increased pain kahit may braceNagdedepina ng warning signs na nangangailangan ng urgent clinical review sa braced patients, tulad ng bagong weakness, bowel o bladder changes, sensory loss, o escalating pain, at nagpapaliwanag kung paano mag-triage at mag-communicate ng mga concerns na ito nang mabilis.
New or progressive limb weaknessBowel or bladder dysfunction onsetNew numbness or saddle anesthesiaRapidly increasing or unrelenting painSkin breakdown or brace-related woundsWhen and how to seek urgent careAralin 6Assessment bago ang bracing: skin inspection, respiratory status, mobility baseline, cognitive ability na sundin ang instructionsNagdedetalye ng pre-bracing assessment na kinakailangan para sa ligtas na immobilisasyon, kabilang ang skin integrity, respiratory status, baseline mobility, cognition, at red flags, na nagsisiguro na ang napiling orthosis ay natitiis at ginagamit nang tama ng older adult.
Skin inspection over bony prominencesRespiratory status and pulmonary reserveBaseline mobility and transfer abilityCognitive status and ability to learn tasksPain level and analgesia optimizationScreening for neurological red flagsAralin 7Brace selection para sa L2 stable fractures: semi-rigid TLSO vs Jewett — selection criteria na nakatuon sa osteopenia at activity needsNagpapaliwanag kung paano pumili sa pagitan ng semi-rigid TLSO at Jewett braces para sa stable L2 fractures, na nakatuon sa fracture morphology, osteopenia severity, posture, balance, at daily activity needs upang i-optimize ang safety, comfort, at adherence.
Radiographic features guiding brace choiceImpact of osteopenia and kyphosis on fitActivity level and balance considerationsAbdominal shape and respiratory factorsFall risk and need for donning assistanceShared decision-making with patientAralin 8Mga layunin ng external spinal support: pain reduction, motion limitation sa flexion, protection during ADLs habang pinapanatili ang mobilityLilinawin ang therapeutic aims ng external spinal support sa stable L2 fractures, na nakatuon sa pain relief, motion control, at protection during daily activities habang pinapanatili ang ligtas na mobility at binabawasan ang deconditioning sa older adults.
Pain reduction through controlled immobilizationLimiting flexion and micro-motion at L2Protecting the fracture during ADLs and transfersMaintaining safe mobility and balancePreventing deconditioning and muscle wastingSetting realistic goals with patient and familyAralin 9Mga uri ng thoracolumbar supports: thoracolumbar sacral orthosis (TLSO) varieties, Jewett hyperextension brace, soft lumbar corset — indications at comparative mechanicsNagre-review ng available thoracolumbar supports para sa stable L2 fractures, na naghahambing ng TLSO variants, Jewett hyperextension braces, at soft lumbar corsets, na may diin sa indications, contraindications, at biomechanical action sa older adults.
Rigid and semi-rigid TLSO designsJewett hyperextension brace mechanicsSoft lumbar corset roles and limitsIndications by fracture pattern and levelContraindications in frail older adultsComparing flexion control and comfortAralin 10Immediate checks: comfort, respiratory compromise, ability na gumawa ng sit-to-stand, pressure point assessmentNaglista ng immediate post-fitting checks upang kumpirmahin ang safety at tolerance, kabilang ang comfort, respiratory function, sit-to-stand ability, at pressure point inspection, na nagbibigay-daan sa prompt adjustment upang maiwasan ang komplikasyon at nonadherence.
Pain and overall comfort reassessmentRespiratory effort and chest expansionSit-to-stand and short walk testingInspection of high-risk pressure areasAdjusting straps and pads after testingCriteria for safe discharge with braceAralin 11Step-by-step TLSO o Jewett fitting at adjustment: proper alignment, pad placement, strap tensioning, unloading flexionNagbibigay ng stepwise guide sa fitting ng TLSO o Jewett braces, na binibigyang-diin ang spinal alignment, pad positioning, strap tension, at flexion unloading, na may strategies upang i-verify ang comfort, safety, at consistent application sa mga caregivers.
Safe log-roll and initial brace positioningAligning sternal, pelvic, and lateral padsProgressive strap tightening and rechecksEnsuring flexion unloading at L2Verifying fit in supine, sitting, standingCaregiver training for consistent fitting
