Aralin 1Mga Cognitive Testing Tools at Bedside Examination Elements: MMSE, MoCA, Executive Function at Visuospatial TestingPinagbalik-aralan ang bedside cognitive assessment, kabilang ang MMSE, MoCA, at focused tests ng attention, language, memory, executive function, at visuospatial skills, na may interpretation tips, limitations, at adaptation para sa education at cultural background.
MMSE Structure, Scoring, at LimitationsMoCA Domains, Cutoffs, at AdjustmentsBedside Executive Function AssessmentsVisuospatial at Constructional TestingPag-interpret ng Results sa Clinical ContextAralin 2Mga Karaniwang Komplikasyon at Pagmamanman: Delirium Superimposed sa Dementia, Falls, Medication Interactions at Prevention/Surveillance TacticsTumatugon sa mga karaniwang komplikasyon sa dementia, kabilang ang delirium, falls, at medication interactions, na may diin sa risk identification, surveillance strategies, deprescribing, environmental modifications, at interdisciplinary prevention approaches.
Pagsisilizing sa Delirium sa DementiaFall Risk Factors at Prevention PlansHigh-risk Medications at InteractionsPagmamanman sa Cognitive at Functional ChangeCare Pathways para sa Recurrent ComplicationsAralin 3Mga Prinsipyo sa Pamamahala sa Maagang Hospitalization: Safety Assessment, Medication Review (Deliriogenic Drugs), Risk ng Delirium at Prevention StrategiesNakatuon sa early hospital management ng mga pasyente na may dementia, kabilang ang safety assessment, medication reconciliation, identification ng deliriogenic drugs, delirium risk stratification, prevention bundles, at komunikasyon sa families at caregivers.
Initial Safety at Supervision AssessmentMedication Review at DeprescribingDelirium Risk Factors at ScreeningNonpharmacologic Prevention BundlesFamily Engagement at Discharge PlanningAralin 4Advanced Biomarkers at Kanilang Clinical Role: CSF Amyloid/Tau, Plasma Biomarkers (Neurofilament Light, Plasma P-tau) at IndicationsPinagbalik-aralan ang advanced biomarkers tulad ng CSF amyloid at tau, plasma p-tau, at neurofilament light, na talakay ang indications, interpretation, limitations, at kung paano nakakaapekto ang results sa diagnosis, prognosis, at eligibility para sa disease-modifying trials.
CSF Amyloid at Tau Collection BasicsPlasma P-tau Assays at CutoffsNeurofilament Light bilang Injury MarkerClinical Indications para sa Biomarker TestingLimitations, Access, at Ethical IssuesAralin 5Baseline Laboratory at Structural Imaging upang Iwasan ang Reversible Causes: Thyroid, B12, RPR, CBC, CMP, at Brain MRI Protocol para sa DementiaNagbibigay ng kahulugan ng baseline laboratory at imaging evaluation upang iwasan ang reversible contributors sa cognitive decline, kabilang ang thyroid dysfunction, B12 deficiency, infections, metabolic derangements, at recommended brain MRI protocols para sa dementia assessment.
Standard Laboratory Dementia PanelScreening para sa Infectious ContributorsMetabolic at Nutritional AbnormalitiesBrain MRI Sequences para sa DementiaKailan CT ay Katanggap-tanggap o Hindi SapatAralin 6Mga Karaniwang Neurodegenerative Etiologies at Key Distinguishing Features: Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Frontotemporal Dementia, Lewy Body DementiaNagbibigay ng detalye ng mga karaniwang neurodegenerative causes ng dementia, kabilang ang Alzheimer disease, vascular cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, at Lewy body dementia, na binibigyang-diin ang core clinical features, typical imaging patterns, at bedside diagnostic clues.
Alzheimer Disease: Memory-led PresentationVascular Cognitive Impairment PatternsFrontotemporal Dementia Behavioral VariantsLewy Body Dementia Core Clinical FeaturesImaging Clues upang Iba ang EtiologiesAralin 7Pagsisilizing at Pamamahala ng Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Agitation, Psychosis, Apathy — Safe Acute Strategies at Antipsychotic RisksTinutukan ang pagsisilizing at pamamahala ng agitation, psychosis, apathy, at mood symptoms sa dementia, na binibigyang-diin ang environmental at behavioral strategies, risk–benefit analysis ng antipsychotics, monitoring para sa adverse effects, at caregiver education.
Clinical Features ng Agitation at AggressionAssessment ng Psychosis at HallucinationsApproaches sa Apathy at Mood SymptomsNonpharmacologic De-escalation StrategiesAntipsychotic Indications at Safety RisksAralin 8Pharmacologic Symptomatic Treatments at Kailan Simulan ang Cholinesterase Inhibitors o Memantine; Nonpharmacologic Interventions at Caregiver SupportNag-eeksplora ng pharmacologic at nonpharmacologic treatments para sa dementia, kabilang ang kailan simulan ang cholinesterase inhibitors o memantine, pamamahala ng side effects, cognitive rehabilitation, environmental modifications, at structured caregiver support.
Indications para sa Cholinesterase InhibitorsMemantine Use at Combination TherapyPamamahala ng Treatment Side EffectsEvidence-based Nonpharmacologic StrategiesCaregiver Education at Respite ResourcesAralin 9Diagnostic Framework para sa Dementia: Cognitive Domains, Functional Impairment, at Course ng DeclineNagbibigay ng outline ng stepwise diagnostic framework para sa dementia, na binibigyang-diin ang cognitive domains, functional decline, at tempo ng progression upang iba ang neurodegenerative, vascular, at reversible causes, at gumagabay sa appropriate investigations at counseling.
Core Cognitive Domains at Typical DeficitsFunctional Decline at Loss ng IndependenceOnset, Tempo, at Progression PatternsPagkakaiba ng Dementia mula sa Normal AgingRed Flags para sa Nondegenerative EtiologiesAralin 10Mga Key Guideline at Review Sources para sa Dementia Evaluation at Management (na may Year Identifiers)Nagbubuod ng major dementia guidelines at consensus statements, na nagbibigay-diin sa key recommendations, publication years, at kung paano i-apply ang mga ito sa practice, kabilang ang diagnostic criteria, biomarker use, treatment thresholds, at follow-up planning.
Mga Major International Dementia GuidelinesKey Diagnostic Criteria at UpdatesGuidance sa Biomarker Use at LimitsTreatment at Follow-up RecommendationsPaggamit ng Reviews upang Manatiling Current
