Aralin 1Enhancement reagents at enzymes (hal., anti-human globulin [AHG], potentiators) at kanilang mga indikasyonNaglarawan ng enhancement reagents at enzymes tulad ng AHG, LISS, PEG, at proteolytic enzymes. Sumasaklaw sa mechanisms, indications, limitations, at safety considerations sa antibody detection at compatibility testing.
Direct at indirect AHG test principlesLISS, PEG, at iba pang potentiatorsEnzymes at kanilang epekto sa antigensIndications para sa paggamit ng enhancement mediaLimitations, pitfalls, at safety issuesAralin 2Mga kalamangan at limitations ng bawat method at criteria para sa pagpili ng approach sa emergency transfusion settingsNag-aanalisa ng mga kalamangan at limitations ng bawat grouping method, kabilang ang tube, slide, microplate, at gel. Nagbibigay ng criteria para sa pagpili ng methods sa emergencies, massive transfusion, at resource-limited environments.
Strengths at weaknesses ng tube testingPros at cons ng slide at microplate useBenefits at limits ng gel technologyPagpili ng methods sa emergency settingsBalancing speed, accuracy, at resourcesAralin 3Paghahambing ng methods: tube (classic), slide, microplate, at gel column techniques — principles, sensitivity, specificity, throughputNaghahambing ng tube, slide, microplate, at gel column agglutination methods. Ipinaliliwanag ang principles, workflow, sensitivity, specificity, throughput, at typical use cases sa routine, reference, at high-volume laboratories.
Principles ng tube agglutination testingSlide method workflow at limitationsMicroplate automation at throughputGel column technology at interpretationPaghahambing ng sensitivity at specificityAralin 4Listahan ng equipment at maintenance: centrifuges, incubators, pipettes, rotators, gel card readers, microscopes, at safety equipmentSumusuri ng mahahalagang equipment para sa blood grouping, kabilang ang centrifuges, incubators, pipettes, rotators, gel card readers, microscopes, at safety devices. Tinatalakay ang calibration, preventive maintenance, at performance checks.
Centrifuges at rotor performance checksIncubators, temperature mapping, alarmsPipettes, rotators, at mixers verificationGel card readers at microscopes carePreventive maintenance at service recordsAralin 5Reagent red cells para sa reverse grouping: pooled A1, B, at O cells — preparation, imbakan, at quality checksNakatuon sa reagent red cells na ginagamit para sa reverse grouping, kabilang ang A1, B, at O cells. Naglalarawan ng preparation, pooling, labeling, imbakan, stability, at quality checks upang matiyak ang maaasahang reverse typing results.
Pagpili ng A1, B, at O donor cellsPreparation at pooling ng reagent cellsLabeling, imbakan, at stability limitsDaily quality checks at grading reactionsTroubleshooting weak o unexpected resultsAralin 6Monoclonal at polyclonal reagents: anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D (IgG/IgM blends) characteristics at expiry/lot testingNag-eeksplora ng monoclonal at polyclonal anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, at anti-D reagents, kabilang ang IgG/IgM blends. Sumasaklaw sa specificity, avidity, performance limits, imbakan, stability, expiry, at lot acceptance testing sa routine use.
Monoclonal vs polyclonal reagent propertiesAnti-A, anti-B, at anti-AB performance featuresAnti-D IgG, IgM, at blend characteristicsStorage, stability, at expiry managementNew lot verification at acceptance testsAralin 7Regulatory at manufacturer instructions: pagsunod sa IFU, lot-to-lot verification, at dokumentasyon ng method validation/competencyNagdedetalye ng regulatory expectations at manufacturer instructions for use. Nagbibigay-diin sa pagsunod sa IFU, lot-to-lot verification, method validation, competency assessment, at dokumentasyon na kailangan para sa audits at accreditation.
Pagbasa at pag-unawa sa reagent IFURegulatory at accreditation requirementsLot-to-lot verification planningMethod validation at verification recordsCompetency assessment at retrainingAralin 8Control materials: positive/negative controls para sa ABO at Rh, weak D at reagent verification controlsSumasaklaw sa pagpili at paggamit ng positive at negative controls para sa ABO at Rh testing. Kabilang ang weak D controls, reagent verification controls, frequency of use, troubleshooting failures, at dokumentasyon ng control results.
Mga uri ng positive at negative controlsABO forward at reverse grouping controlsRh at weak D control strategiesReagent verification at daily QCPag-unawa at dokumentasyon ng control failures
