Aralin 1Pagpili ng Operative Approach: Hemithyroidectomy, Total Thyroidectomy, Completion ThyroidectomyNagdedetalye ng mga kriteriya para sa pagpili ng hemithyroidectomy, total, o completion thyroidectomy, na nag-i-integrate ng tumor features, risk stratification, prior surgery, patient preference, at guidelines, plus counseling sa risks, benefits, at long-term endocrine follow-up.
Oncologic at benign disease indicationsRisk stratification at guideline useKailan pipiliin ang hemithyroidectomyMga Indikasyon para sa total o completion surgeryShared decision making sa mga pasyenteAralin 2Immediate Postoperative Monitoring: Airway, Hematoma Recognition at Management AlgorithmsNaglilista ng immediate postoperative monitoring pagkatapos ng thyroidectomy, na nakatuon sa airway assessment, early detection ng neck hematoma, standardized observation protocols, escalation pathways, at stepwise algorithms para sa bedside at operative management.
Postanesthesia airway assessment stepsNeck wound checks at early warning signsHematoma risk factors at preventionBedside decompression at emergency stepsCriteria para sa urgent return sa ORAralin 3Role at Practical Use ng Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring: Indications, Limitations, at AlternativesNag-e-explore ng intraoperative nerve monitoring principles, indications, at setup, kabilang ang electrode placement, stimulation protocols, troubleshooting signal loss, interpretation ng EMG changes, limitations, at safe alternatives kapag unavailable ang monitoring.
Basic principles ng nerve monitoringIndications at patient selectionEquipment setup at troubleshootingPag-interpret ng EMG signals at alertsSurgery without monitoring: safe strategiesAralin 4Calcium at PTH Monitoring Protocols Pagkatapos ng Thyroidectomy at Initiation ng Thyroid Hormone ReplacementTumatakip sa protocols para sa postoperative calcium at PTH testing, risk stratification para sa hypocalcemia, oral at intravenous calcium at vitamin D regimens, timing ng thyroid hormone initiation, at dose adjustment batay sa TSH at risk profile.
Timing ng calcium at PTH measurementsRisk stratification para sa hypocalcemiaOral at IV calcium at vitamin D regimensPag-initiate ng levothyroxine pagkatapos ng surgeryTSH targets at dose adjustment plansAralin 5Anesthesia Considerations at Perioperative Optimization Kabilang ang Anticoagulation ManagementTumatakip sa anesthesia planning para sa thyroid surgery, airway evaluation, intubation strategies, management ng comorbidities, perioperative anticoagulation at antiplatelet adjustment, fluid at blood pressure targets, at postoperative pain at nausea control.
Airway assessment at intubation planningManagement ng comorbid conditionsAnticoagulation at antiplatelet adjustmentIntraoperative hemodynamic at fluid goalsPostoperative analgesia at nausea controlAralin 6Hemostasis Techniques, Use ng Energy Devices, at Management ng Problematic BleedingNakatuon sa meticulous hemostasis sa thyroidectomy, na nagkukumpara ng suture ligation, clips, at energy devices, safe use malapit sa nerves at parathyroids, prevention ng neck hematoma, at stepwise management ng unexpected o brisk bleeding.
Vascular anatomy na relevant sa hemostasisSuture ligation at clip techniquesTypes at settings ng energy devicesSafe use malapit sa nerves at parathyroidsAlgorithm para sa intraoperative bleedingAralin 7Identification, Preservation, at Autotransplantation ng Parathyroid GlandsNagpapaliwanag ng strategies para i-identify at i-preserve ang parathyroid glands, kabilang ang typical at ectopic locations, vascular supply, techniques para iwasan ang devascularization, criteria para sa autotransplantation, grafting methods, at postoperative functional assessment.
Pagkilala sa normal at ectopic parathyroidsPag-maintain ng parathyroid blood supplyKailan gawin ang autotransplantationAutotransplantation sites at techniquePag-assess ng postoperative parathyroid functionAralin 8Lymph Node Management: Central Compartment Dissection Indications at ExtentSumusuri ng indications at extent ng central neck dissection sa thyroid cancer, kabilang ang anatomical boundaries, oncologic rationale, prophylactic versus therapeutic dissection, technical steps, at strategies para i-minimize ang nerve at parathyroid injury.
Central compartment anatomy at nodal levelsOncologic indications para sa central neck dissectionProphylactic versus therapeutic dissectionTechnical steps at key landmarksPagprotekta sa nerves at parathyroid glandsAralin 9Management ng Common Complications: Hypocalcemia, Vocal Cord Palsy, Wound Infection, at SeromaTumutugon sa early complications pagkatapos ng thyroidectomy, kabilang ang hypocalcemia, vocal cord palsy, wound infection, at seroma, na may diin sa recognition, diagnostic workup, acute management, patient counseling, at indications para sa specialist referral.
Pagkilala at paggamot ng hypocalcemiaPag-e-evaluate ng vocal cord dysfunctionPag-iwas at pag-aalaga ng wound infectionPag-iwas sa seroma at aspiration techniquePatient education at follow-up planningAralin 10Intraoperative Strategy para sa Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Identification at PreservationNaglalarawan ng systematic approaches para i-identify at i-protect ang recurrent laryngeal nerve, kabilang ang anatomical variants, dissection planes, use ng capsular technique, handling ng difficult scarring o reoperations, at responses sa intraoperative nerve injury.
Key anatomic landmarks ng RLNInferior, lateral, at superior approachesCapsular dissection at safe planesPag-manage ng scarring at reoperative fieldsPag-handle ng suspected nerve injury
