Aralin 1Setting selection rationale: criteria para sa office, ambulatory surgery center, o hospital operating room useAng seksyong ito ay nag-o-outline ng criteria para sa pagpili ng office, ambulatory surgery center, o hospital operating room, na isinasaalang-alang ang patient comorbidities, anesthesia needs, infection risk, resource availability, at emergency preparedness upang matiyak ang safe, efficient care.
Office setting indications at limitationsKailan gumamit ng ambulatory surgery centerHospital operating room indicationsPag-assess ng medical risk at ASA statusEmergency preparedness at equipment needsAralin 2Flap design options para sa mandibular molar surgery: envelope, triangular, at vertical releasing incisions na may pros/consAng seksyong ito ay nag-a-analyze ng flap design principles para sa mandibular molar surgery, na nagkukumpara ng envelope, triangular, at vertical releasing incisions, na may diin sa blood supply, access, tension control, at kung paano apektuhan ng bawat design ang postoperative pain at ridge preservation.
Biologic principles ng mucoperiosteal flapsEnvelope flap indications, pros, at consTriangular flap design at clinical usesVertical releasing incisions at limitationsFlap tension management at repositioningAralin 3Anesthesia level decision: indications para sa local anesthesia alone, local na may IV sedation, o general anesthesiaAng seksyong ito ay sumusuri ng patient, procedure, at systemic risk factors na gumagabay sa anesthesia choice, na nagkukumpara ng local anesthesia alone, local na may IV sedation, at general anesthesia, kabilang ang monitoring needs, airway considerations, at medico-legal documentation.
Pag-assess ng patient anxiety at medical comorbiditiesIndications para sa local anesthesia aloneKailan magdagdag ng IV sedation sa local anesthesiaCriteria para sa pagpili ng general anesthesiaMonitoring, recovery, at documentation needsAralin 4Formulating the final diagnosis: chronic periapical infection na may buccal cortical thinning at proximity sa inferior alveolar nerveAng seksyong ito ay nagpapaliwanag kung paano i-synthesize ang clinical, radiographic, at CBCT data upang kumpirmahin ang chronic periapical infection, i-assess ang buccal cortical thinning, at i-evaluate ang relationship sa inferior alveolar nerve para sa safe surgical planning at prognosis.
Key clinical signs ng chronic periapical infectionRadiographic at CBCT features ng cortical thinningPag-map ng proximity sa inferior alveolar nerveDifferential diagnosis at endodontic vs surgical careRisk stratification at prognosis documentationAralin 5Ridge preservation techniques: socket graft materials (autograft, allograft, xenograft, alloplast), membrane types, at choice considerations given infection at cortical defectsAng seksyong ito ay nag-e-examine ng ridge preservation pagkatapos ng infected molar extraction, na nagkukumpara ng socket graft materials at membrane types, timing sa presence ng infection at cortical defects, at decision pathways upang mapanatili ang volume para sa future implant placement.
Pag-assess ng socket walls at defect morphologyAutograft, allograft, xenograft, at alloplast choicesResorbable versus nonresorbable membranesTiming ng grafting sa infected extraction sitesStrategies upang mapanatili ang ridge width at heightAralin 6Tooth sectioning strategies: root separation patterns para sa mandibular molars, instrumentation, at minimizing torque sa nerveAng seksyong ito ay tumutugan ang root morphology assessment, ideal root separation lines para sa mandibular molars, bur at instrument selection, controlled sectioning sequences, at strategies upang mabawasan ang torque transmission at mechanical stress malapit sa inferior alveolar nerve.
Radiographic evaluation ng root morphologyPag-design ng root separation patterns by molar typeInstrumentation choice para sa precise sectioningTechniques upang mabawasan ang torque sa nervePag-manage ng fractured roots at difficult segmentsAralin 7Bone removal at access techniques: osteotomy planning, use ng rotary instruments vs piezoelectric surgery, minimizing cortical lossAng seksyong ito ay nagdedetalye ng preoperative osteotomy design, selection at sequencing ng rotary versus piezoelectric instruments, irrigation at cooling strategies, at methods upang mabawasan ang cortical plate loss habang tinitiyak ang adequate access at visibility para sa safe tooth removal.
Principles ng osteotomy design at planningPagpili ng rotary versus piezoelectric devicesHandpiece control, irrigation, at heat reductionPag-preserve ng buccal at lingual cortical platesIntraoperative assessment ng access at visibilityAralin 8Debridement ng periapical lesion: curettage technique, removal ng granulation tissue, culture/biopsy indicationsAng seksyong ito ay naglalarawan ng systematic debridement ng periapical lesions, kabilang ang curettage technique, removal ng granulation tissue, management ng cystic lesions, at kailan kumuha ng cultures o biopsies upang gabayan ang antimicrobial therapy at histopathologic diagnosis.
Instrumentation para sa periapical curettageStepwise removal ng granulation tissuePag-handle ng cystic at fibrous lesionsIrrigation protocols at hemostasisIndications para sa culture at biopsy samplingAralin 9Managing proximity sa mandibular canal during extraction: gentle traction, controlled apical curettage, at use ng intraoperative CBCT o navigationAng seksyong ito ay nakatuon sa pag-identify ng high-risk canal proximity, paggamit ng gentle traction at luxation, controlled apical curettage, at indications para sa intraoperative CBCT o navigation systems upang iwasan ang nerve injury at i-manage ang unexpected canal exposure nang ligtas.
Preoperative mapping ng mandibular canalAtraumatic luxation at traction techniquesControlled apical curettage malapit sa canalUse ng intraoperative CBCT at navigationPag-manage ng suspected nerve exposureAralin 10Soft tissue management at closure: primary closure vs open healing, use ng collagen membranes, suturing techniques upang mapanatili ang ridge contourAng seksyong ito ay tumutugon sa soft tissue handling sa paligid ng extraction at graft sites, na nagkukumpara ng primary closure versus open healing, use ng collagen membranes, flap advancement, at suturing techniques na nagpoprotekta ng grafts at nagpe-preserve ng ridge contour at keratinized tissue.
Criteria para sa primary closure versus open healingFlap advancement at releasing techniquesUse ng collagen membranes para sa coverageSuture selection at tension controlPostoperative soft tissue remodeling review
