Aralin 1Cotton pliers, gauze, at isolation accessories: handling, sequences para sa placement at removalNakatuon sa cotton pliers, gauze, at isolation accessories para sa moisture at soft tissue control. Tinutukan ang handling, passing, placement at removal sequences, at safety considerations upang maiwasan ang aspiration o tissue trauma.
Disenyo at safe handling ng cotton pliersPaggamit ng gauze sa basic dental proceduresPlacement ng cotton rolls at dry anglesIsolation sequences para sa common tasksPag-iwas sa aspiration at soft tissue injuryAralin 2Explorers at probes: periodontal probe types at markings (UNC-15, WHO), diagnostic explorers (Shepherd’s hook, EXD) at kailan gagamitin ang bawat isaTinutukan ang explorers at periodontal probes, kabilang ang common designs at markings tulad ng UNC-15, WHO, at Shepherd’s hook. Tinalakay ang indikasyon, probing technique, caries detection, at infection-control considerations.
Periodontal probe calibrations at markingsProbing technique at recording depthsDiagnostic explorers at tip designCaries at calculus detection strategiesDecontamination at storage ng probesAralin 3Suction at saliva ejectors: high-volume evacuator vs. saliva ejector, positioning, at infection-control handlingIpinaliwanag ang disenyo at function ng high-volume evacuators at saliva ejectors, na may diin sa indikasyon, positioning, ergonomics, at infection-control handling. Binibigyang-diin ang patient comfort, moisture control, at aerosol reduction.
Disenyo at parts ng high-volume evacuatorMga uri at indikasyon ng saliva ejectorOperator at assistant positioningMoisture control at patient comfortInfection-control para sa suction linesAralin 4Polishing instruments at prophy paste selection: rubber cup technique, abrasive levels, rubber cup speed at stroke techniqueDetalyado ang polishing instruments, rubber cups, at prophy paste selection. Pinag-aralan ang abrasive levels, stain indications, at rubber cup speed at stroke upang mabawasan ang enamel loss, init, at soft tissue trauma sa coronal polishing.
Mga uri ng rubber cup at attachment methodsProphy paste abrasiveness at indicationsRubber cup speed at torque controlStroke patterns at access sa tooth surfacesPag-iwas sa enamel at soft tissue damageAralin 5Basic rotary handpieces at attachments: slow-speed contra-angle uses para sa polishing, prophylaxis angle components at rpm guidanceIpinapakilala ang basic rotary handpieces at attachments, na may diin sa slow-speed contra-angle use para sa polishing. Pinag-aralan ang prophylaxis angle components, rpm guidance, maintenance basics, at safety kapag nagtatrabaho malapit sa soft tissues.
Parts at function ng slow-speed handpieceIndikasyon ng contra-angle attachmentMga uri at assembly ng prophy angleRecommended rpm ranges para sa polishingMaintenance, lubrication, at sterilizationAralin 6Hand mirror types at uses: mouth mirror design, indirect vision, retraction, transillumination at fog controlPinag-aralan ang mouth mirror types, sizes, at designs, kabilang ang front-surface mirrors. Binibigyang-diin ang indirect vision, retraction, transillumination, at fog control techniques upang mapabuti ang visibility, ergonomics, at patient comfort.
Mirror head designs at coatingsIndirect vision sa posterior regionsCheek, lip, at tongue retractionTransillumination para sa caries detectionFog control at mirror maintenanceAralin 7Pagkilala ng instrument sa pamamagitan ng number/shape: common design features (shank bend, toe vs. tip) at implikasyon para sa accessIpinaliwanag kung paano nauugnay ang instrument number at shape sa function at access. Pinag-aralan ang shank bends, working end design, toe versus tip, at handle features upang suportahan ang tamang pagkilala, selection, at ergonomic use.
Numbering systems at manufacturer codesShank bends at access sa tooth surfacesToe versus tip at cutting edge designHandle diameter, texture, at balancePagbasa ng markings sa instrument handlesAralin 8Basic scalers at curettes: universal vs. area-specific curettes, sickle scalers, adaptations, at selection criteria para sa supragingival at subgingival debridementNag-iiba ng basic scalers at curettes, kabilang ang universal at area-specific designs. Pinag-aralan ang sickle scalers, adaptations, angulation, at selection criteria para sa ligtas na supragingival at subgingival debridement.
Universal versus area-specific curettesDisenyo at indikasyon ng sickle scalerWorking end adaptation at angulationStroke types para sa supra at subgingival useSharpening basics at edge preservationAralin 9Local infection-control adjuncts/tools: single-use disposables, instrument cassettes, barriers, at sharps container practicesTinutukan ang infection-control adjuncts na sumusuporta sa ligtas na paggamit ng instrument, kabilang ang single-use disposables, cassettes, barriers, at sharps containers. Binibigyang-diin ang selection, setup, handling, at disposal upang mabawasan ang cross-contamination risk.
Mga uri ng single-use disposable itemsInstrument cassettes at tray setupsSurface barriers at change protocolsSharps container selection at placementSharps handling, transport, at disposalAralin 10Basic radiography accessories na ginagamit sa initial exam: film/sensor holders, beam alignment devices, at radiation-safety basics (ALARA principles)Inilalarawan ang basic radiography accessories na ginagamit sa initial exam, kabilang ang film at sensor holders at beam alignment devices. Binibigyang-diin ang ALARA principles, positioning accuracy, at radiation safety ng patient at operator.
Film at sensor holder componentsBeam alignment device typesPositioning para sa periapical at bitewing viewsALARA principles sa dental radiographyPatient shielding at operator distance rules
