Aralin 1Graphics card (GPU): discrete vs integrated, power connectors; check PCIe slot seating, auxiliary power plugged, monitor port selectionUnawain ang discrete kumpara sa integrated GPU, mga uri ng PCIe slot, at pangangailangan ng kapangyarihan. I-verify mo ang pag-upo ng card, auxiliary PCIe power connectors, at pagpili ng monitor port upang matiyak ang matatag na graphics output at pagganap.
Integrated GPU kumpara sa mga tungkulin ng discrete GPUPagpili ng PCIe x16 slot at epekto ng bandwidthPagsusuri ng buong pagpasok at pagkakapantay ng bracketMga kinakailangan ng 6/8‑pin PCIe power connectorPagpili ng HDMI, DisplayPort, o DVI outputsPagsubok ng GPU sa ilalim ng load para sa mga isyu sa katataganAralin 2Power supply (PSU): function, rails, wattage ratings; basic checks: PSU switch, voltmeter/PSU tester, peripheral connectors seatingUnawain ang tungkulin ng PSU, rails, efficiency, at wattage ratings. I-verify mo ang posisyon ng rear switch, pagpili ng modular cable, pag-upo ng connector, at paggamit ng testers o multimeters para sa basic power troubleshooting.
Mga form factor ng PSU at mounting orientationWattage, rails, at efficiency certificationsFixed kumpara sa modular cable management24‑pin, CPU, PCIe, at peripheral outputsPaggamit ng PSU testers o multimeters nang ligtasPag-verify ng PSU switch at input voltageAralin 3PC case: structure, mounting points, airflow; check standoffs and panel clearanceGalugarin ang istraktura ng PC case, materyales, at mounting standards. Susurin mo ang motherboard standoffs, PSU at drive mounting, cable paths, at airflow clearances upang maiwasan ang shorts, vibration, at thermal o noise issues.
ATX, microATX, at ITX form factor compatibilityPag-install at pag-verify ng motherboard standoffsPSU, drive cage, at SSD bracket mountingPagpaplano ng front, top, at rear airflow pathPaglalagay ng dust filter at maintenance accessPagkasya ng side panel, clearance, at vibration controlAralin 4CPU and socket: role, cooling interface, thermal paste; check correct orientation, retention, no bent pinsSuriin ang mga tungkulin ng CPU, socket types, at cooling interface. I-verify mo ang tamang orientasyon ng CPU, suriin ang pins o pads, mag-apply ng thermal paste, at i-secure ang retention mechanism nang hindi nababali ang pins o nasisira ang contacts.
Pagkilala sa mga uri ng socket at keying notchesLigtas na paghawak ng CPU at ESD precautionsPagkakapantay ng triangle markers at orientation keysPagsusuri ng pins o pads para sa pinsalaPag-lock ng retention arm o frame nang tamaPaglilinis at muling pag-apply ng thermal interfaceAralin 5RAM modules: function, types (DDR generations), channels; check seating, proper slot population, single-stick testingPag-aralan ang mga tungkulin ng RAM, DDR generations, at channel configurations. I-verify mo ang orientasyon ng module, slot population order, at pag-upo, pagkatapos ay gumamit ng single‑stick testing at diagnostics upang lutasin ang memory‑related issues.
DDR generations at speed ratingsSingle, dual, at quad‑channel layoutsPagkakapantay ng notch at pagpasok ng DIMMsPaggamit ng inirekomendang motherboard RAM slotsPagpapatakbo ng memory diagnostics at stress testsPagtroubleshoot ng boot at POST RAM errorsAralin 6Peripherals and display: monitor, keyboard, mouse; check input selection, cable integrity, adapter useSuriin ang karaniwang PC peripherals at display connections. I-verify mo ang monitor input selection, cable integrity, adapters, at USB ports upang gumana nang maaasahan ang keyboards, mice, at displays sa setup at troubleshooting.
Monitor inputs: HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, VGAPagpili ng tamang monitor input sourcePagsusuri ng cable strain relief at connector wearPaggamit ng adapters at active converters nang ligtasUSB ports, hubs, at receiver placementBasic display at input troubleshooting stepsAralin 7Cooling: CPU cooler types, case fans, airflow patterns; check mounting pressure, fan headers and RPM reportingPag-aralan ang CPU coolers, case fans, at airflow patterns. I-verify mo ang cooler mounting pressure, thermal contact, fan orientation, at header connections upang mapanatili ng sistema ang ligtas na temperatura at katanggapang-tanggap na antas ng ingay.
Air coolers, AIO liquid, at stock coolersPag-apply ng thermal paste at pag-upo ng coolerFan orientation para sa intake at exhaust pathsPaghuhugpong ng fans sa CPU_FAN at SYS_FAN headersPagmo-monitor ng RPM at curves sa BIOS o softwarePagdidiagnose ng ingay, vibration, at hot spotsAralin 8Cabling and front-panel connectors: SATA, Molex, 24-pin ATX, 8/4-pin CPU, front-panel switches/LEDs; check secure latching and correct pin mappingMatututo ng karaniwang internal PC power at data cabling pati na ang front‑panel connectors. I-verify mo ang latch engagement, polarity, at pin mapping upang matiyak ang matatag na power delivery, signal integrity, at maaasahang power at reset controls.
Pagkilala sa SATA, Molex, PCIe, at ATX cables24‑pin ATX at 4/8‑pin CPU power routingFront‑panel power, reset, HDD LED, at speaker pinsTamang polarity at pin mapping sa front headersPagsusuri ng latch engagement at strain reliefPag-trace ng cables para sa airflow at serviceabilityAralin 9Motherboard: function, chipset, sockets, headers; check socket pins, standoffs, BIOS battery seatingGalugarin ang mga tungkulin ng motherboard, chipsets, at onboard headers. I-verify mo ang kondisyon ng socket at slot, standoff placement, BIOS battery seating, at front‑panel at fan header connections para sa matatag na platform.
Mga tungkulin ng chipset at feature segmentationCPU socket, RAM slots, at PCIe slot layoutLokasyon ng front‑panel, USB, at audio headerPagsusuri ng socket pins at slot cleanlinessPag-install at pag-secure ng CMOS batteryPag-update ng BIOS at paglilinis ng CMOS nang ligtasAralin 10Storage devices: HDD/SSD types and interfaces (SATA, NVMe); check power/data cable seating and BIOS/UEFI detectionMatututo ng HDD at SSD technologies, SATA at NVMe interfaces, at mounting methods. I-verify mo ang power at data connections, slot usage, at BIOS o UEFI detection upang matiyak ang maaasahang storage performance.
Paghahambing ng HDD, SATA SSD, at NVMe SSD2.5‑inch, 3.5‑inch, at M.2 mounting methodsMga pagsusuri ng SATA data at power cable seatingPagpili ng M.2 slot at standoff placementPag-verify ng drives sa BIOS o UEFI menusBasic drive health at SMART status checks
