Aralin 1Mga Pundasyon ng heat transfer para sa HVAC loads: sensible vs latent, conduction, convection, radiation, at solar gainsAng seksyong ito ay nagre-review ng mga pundasyon ng heat transfer para sa HVAC loads, na nagkakaiba ng sensible at latent heat, at nagdidiseksyon ng conduction, convection, radiation, at solar gains habang inilalapat sa mga envelope ng gusali at internal sources.
Mga kahulugan ng sensible versus latent heatConduction sa mga assembly ng gusaliConvection sa interior at exterior surfacesMga epekto ng longwave at shortwave radiationSolar gains at ang interaksyon nito sa loadsAralin 2Mga kalkulasyon ng solar heat gain: orientation, shading factors, glass properties, at paggamit ng solar heat gain coefficientsTinutukan ng seksyong ito kung paano pumasok ang solar gains sa pamamagitan ng glazing, kung paano binabago ng orientation at shading ang incident radiation, at kung paano inilalapat ang glass properties at SHGC values upang magtakda ng hourly solar cooling loads.
Solar geometry at surface orientationShading devices at shading coefficientsGlass types, coatings, at visible transmittancePaggamit ng SHGC at area upang mahanap ang solar gainsTime-of-day at seasonal solar variationsAralin 3Paglalahad ng mga worksheet ng load calculation: unit conversions, consistent units (IP), at step-by-step example structureNagdidiseksyon ang seksyong ito kung paano ayusin at ipresenta ang mga load worksheets, panatilihin ang consistent IP units, gumawa ng key unit conversions, at i-structure ang step-by-step examples upang ang mga assumptions at intermediate results ay traceable.
Standard worksheet layout at sectionsConsistent IP units at common pitfallsKey unit conversions para sa load workPagdidokumento ng assumptions at inputsStep-by-step example presentationAralin 4Mga kalkulasyon ng equipment at plug load: inventorying, duty cycles, diversity factors, at internal heat distributionIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano magtakda ng equipment at plug loads mula sa connected power, duty cycles, at diversity, at kung paano hinahati ang internal heat sa pagitan ng sensible at latent components at ipinamahagi sa mga zones.
Pag-identify ng equipment at plug inventoriesConnected load, demand, at duty cycleDiversity factors para sa receptacle loadsSensible versus latent equipment gainsZonal distribution ng internal equipment heatAralin 5Bentilasyon at latent loads: outdoor air sensible at latent contributions, paggamit ng humidity ratios at psychrometric principlesNakatuon ang seksyong ito sa outdoor air ventilation loads, gamit ang humidity ratios at psychrometric properties upang paghiwalayin ang sensible at latent components, at ipinapakita kung paano i-translate ang code-required airflow tungo sa cooling at dehumidification loads.
Ventilation airflow mula sa codes at standardsOutdoor at indoor design conditionsHumidity ratio, enthalpy, at psych chartsSensible versus latent ventilation loadsPreconditioning at energy recovery impactsAralin 6Infiltration at unbalanced ventilation: pagtatantya ng infiltration rates, epekto sa latent at sensible loadsIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano naapektuhan ng uncontrolled air leakage at unbalanced ventilation ang sensible at latent loads, mga paraan upang magtakda ng infiltration rates, at kung paano naipapakita ang stack, wind, at mechanical effects sa load calculations.
Mga drivers ng infiltration: wind at stackACH, CFM, at envelope leakage metricsPagta-tantya ng infiltration para sa load designSensible at latent load mula sa infiltrationUnbalanced ventilation at pressure effectsAralin 7Pagta-tantya ng latent load at psychrometrics: dew point, specific humidity, kalkulasyon ng latent heat loads mula sa people, ventilation, at processesNagdevelop ang seksyong ito ng pagta-tantya ng latent load gamit ang psychrometrics, na tinutukan ang dew point, specific humidity, at kung paano kalkulahin ang latent heat mula sa people, ventilation air, at moisture-generating processes sa mga gusali.
Dew point, humidity ratio, at RHPsychrometric chart navigation basicsLatent gains mula sa occupantsLatent loads mula sa ventilation airProcess moisture sources at dehumidificationAralin 8Mga approach sa load calculation: manual cooling load calculations, heat balance overview, at simplified methodsNagpapakilala ang seksyong ito ng mga pangunahing approach sa cooling at heating load calculation, kabilang ang detalyadong manual methods, heat balance concepts, at simplified rules of thumb, na nagbibigay-diin sa accuracy, inputs, at typical use cases.
Design objectives at required accuracyManual component-by-component methodsHeat balance at radiant-time-series ideasSimplified at rule-of-thumb approachesPag-compare ng methods at pagpili ng approachAralin 9Mga kalkulasyon ng people load: sensible at latent contributions per occupant at per area, paggamit ng ASHRAE tablesDetalyado ng seksyong ito kung paano kwantipikahan ang sensible at latent heat mula sa occupants gamit ang ASHRAE tables, na isinasaalang-alang ang activity level, clothing, at occupancy schedules, at kung paano i-convert ang people loads tungo sa area-based design values.
Metabolic rates at activity categoriesASHRAE tables para sa sensible at latent gainsOccupancy density at diversity factorsSchedules at peak occupancy selectionPag-convert ng per-person tungo sa per-area loadsAralin 10Pagsasama ng loads at safety factors: coincident load summation, diversity, temperature delta selections, at peak load extrapolation mula sa isang floor tungo sa buong gusaliIpinapakita ng seksyong ito kung paano pagsamahin ang component loads tungo sa system design loads, maglagay ng diversity at safety factors, pumili ng indoor at outdoor design temperature deltas, at mag-extrapolate ng floor-level results tungo sa whole-building peaks.
Coincident versus noncoincident load summationPaglalapat ng diversity sa internal gainsPagpili ng indoor at outdoor design deltasSafety factors at pag-iwas sa oversizingScaling ng floor loads tungo sa whole buildingsAralin 11Envelope heat gains: conduction sa walls, roof, windows gamit ang UA method at solar heat gain sa glazingTinutukan ng seksyong ito ang envelope heat gains sa pamamagitan ng walls, roofs, at windows gamit ang UA method, kabilang ang temperature differences, solar-exposed surfaces, at kung paano pagsamahin ang conduction at solar gains sa glazing assemblies.
U-values, R-values, at UA calculationsWall at roof conduction na may design deltasWindow conduction at frame effectsSolar gains sa pamamagitan ng glazing systemsThermal mass at time lag considerationsAralin 12Mga kalkulasyon ng lighting load: pag-convert ng lighting power density tungo sa sensible heat, diversity, at control impactsIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano i-convert ang lighting power density at fixture data tungo sa sensible heat gains, maglagay ng diversity at control strategies, at isaalang-alang ang schedules, daylight dimming, at ballast o driver losses.
Lighting power density at fixture dataPag-convert ng watts tungo sa sensible heat gainsLighting schedules at diversity factorsControls: occupancy at daylight dimmingBallast, driver, at luminaire losses
