Aralin 1Karaniwang instrumentation at monitoring points: pressure, flow, temperature, contamination sensors, at vibration/noise sensorsAng seksyong ito ay tumutukoy sa instrumentation para sa pagsubaybay sa hydraulics ng press, kabilang ang pressure, flow, temperature, contamination, vibration, at noise. Ipapaliwanag nito ang paglalagay ng sensor, saklaw, uri ng signal, at kung paano sumusuporta ang data sa diagnostics at predictive maintenance.
Saklaw ng pressure transducer at mga lokasyon ng pag-mountPagsukat ng flow para sa mga pump at actuator branchesPagsusuri ng temperatura ng langis sa tank at kritikal na linyaParticle counters at mga point ng pagsubaybay sa kalinisanVibration at noise sensors sa mga pump at motorAralin 2Layout ng Central hydraulic power unit (HPU): reservoir, pump(s), prime mover, heat exchanger, auxiliary systemsAng seksyong ito ay nagpapakita ng central HPU layout para sa 250-bar presses, na nagdedetalye ng disenyo ng reservoir, ayos ng pump at motor, suction at return routing, heat exchangers, at auxiliary systems na tinitiyak ang maaasahang, mababang ingay, at madaling pinamamahalaang operasyon.
Paglaki ng reservoir, baffling, at deaeration featuresPag-mount ng pump, alignment, at disenyo ng suction linePagpili ng prime mover at mga ayos ng couplingRouting ng return line at de-foaming strategiesPag-integra ng coolers, filters, at manifoldsAralin 3Thermal management: oil-air coolers, flow paths, thermostatic bypass valves, at heat load estimationAng seksyong ito ay tumutakip sa thermal behavior ng high-pressure press circuits, kabilang ang mga pinagmulan ng heat generation, pagpili ng oil-air cooler, flow paths, disenyo ng thermostatic bypass, at heat load estimation upang mapanatili ang mga katangian ng fluid at pagiging maaasahan ng bahagi.
Mga pinagmulan ng heat generation sa press hydraulicsHeat load estimation at duty cycle assessmentPaglaki at performance curves ng oil-air coolerPaglalagay ng cooler, flow paths, at piping layoutPagpili at tuning ng thermostatic bypass valveAralin 4Directional control: proportional directional valve types, spool dynamics, flow control at electrohydraulic interfacesAng seksyong ito ay sinusuri ang proportional directional valves na ginagamit sa 250-bar presses, na tumutukoy sa mga uri ng valve, spool dynamics, flow metering, at electrohydraulic interfaces na kinakailangan para sa tumpak na kontrol ng galaw, repeatability, at ligtas na emergency behavior.
Konstruksyon ng valve at proportional actuation methodsSpool geometry, overlap, at flow metering behaviorDynamic response, hysteresis, at dither techniquesOnboard electronics, drivers, at signal standardsFail-safe positions at emergency stop strategiesAralin 5Filtration at contamination control: filter types, locations (suction, pressure, return), bypass at monitoringAng seksyong ito ay tumutugon sa filtration strategy para sa high-pressure presses, na tumutukoy sa mga uri ng filter, ratings, at locations sa suction, pressure, at return lines, pati na rin bypass valves, clogging indicators, at cleanliness targets para sa mahabang buhay ng bahagi.
Target cleanliness classes para sa press componentsSuction strainers laban sa low-pressure filtersPagpili at paglaki ng high-pressure filterReturn line filters at offline kidney-loop unitsBypass valves at differential pressure indicatorsAralin 6Energy storage at smoothing: accumulator types, placement, sizing at safety devicesAng seksyong ito ay nagpapaliwanag ng hydraulic accumulators para sa imbakan ng enerhiya at pulsation damping, na tumutukoy sa bladder, piston, at diaphragm types, placement, precharge, sizing para sa press cycles, at safety devices na kinakailangan ng standards at regulasyon.
Accumulator types at construction detailsEnergy storage calculations para sa press cyclesPagpili ng precharge pressure at verificationPlacement para sa pulsation damping at responseSafety blocks, shutoff valves, at standardsAralin 7Fluid circuits at schematic interpretation: common arrangements para sa forming presses, actuator piping, at bleed/vent pathsAng seksyong ito ay nagdidisenyo ng kumpletong fluid circuits para sa forming presses, na nagtuturo ng schematic symbols, common press arrangements, actuator piping, bleed at vent paths, at kung paano basahin, suriin, at idokumento ang hydraulic diagrams para sa mga proyekto.
ISO hydraulic symbols at line conventionsKaraniwang single- at double-acting press circuitsClamping, forming, at return stroke arrangementsBleed, vent, at air removal provisionsPagbasa at pagsusuri ng kumpletong press schematicsAralin 8Power transmission elements: variable displacement axial piston pump principles at control interfacesAng seksyong ito ay tumutuon sa variable displacement axial piston pumps na ginagamit sa 250-bar presses, na naglalarawan ng operating principles, swashplate control, compensator options, at electronic interfaces na nagkoordinat ng flow, pressure, at energy efficiency.
Axial piston pump operating principlesSwashplate mechanisms at stroke controlPressure at load-sensing control optionsElectrohydraulic pump control interfacesStartup, commissioning, at troubleshootingAralin 9Pressure control components: relief valves, pressure compensators, sequence at unloading valvesAng seksyong ito ay sumusuri sa pressure control components sa press circuits, kabilang ang relief valves, pressure compensators, sequence valves, at unloading valves, na nagpapaliwanag ng settings, stability, interaction, at kanilang papel sa kaligtasan at energy efficiency.
Paglaki at setting ng main system relief valvePump pressure compensator functions at tuningSequence valves para sa staged cylinder operationsUnloading valves para sa low-loss idle operationInteraction ng maraming pressure control devices
