Aralin 1Processor aggregation: kapag ang isang processor ay nakakonekta sa maraming scheme — routing, file consolidation, at paghihiwalay ng tungkulinIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito kung paano magsilbi ng maraming bangko at scheme ng isang processor, na sumasaklaw sa routing logic, BIN tables, file consolidation, scheme-specific formatting, operational segregation, at kung paano hinahati ang mga responsibilidad sa pagitan ng processor at mga kliyente.
BIN tables and routing decision frameworksMulti-scheme authorization and clearing routingFile consolidation, splitting, and enrichmentOperational segregation and data access controlsLiability, SLAs, and compliance responsibilitiesAralin 2Cross-border at multi-currency flows: proseso ng FX conversion, currency indicator fields, multilateral netting effectsTinitingnan ng seksyong ito kung paano gumagana ang mga cross-border at multi-currency card payments, na sumasaklaw sa FX conversion logic, mga pinagmulan ng rate, currency indicators sa mga mensahe, dynamic currency conversion, at kung paano hinuhubog ng multilateral netting ang huling settlement amounts.
Identifying cross-border and cross-currency transactionsFX rate sources, markups, and scheme tablesCurrency indicator and conversion fields in messagesDynamic currency conversion flows and disclosuresMultilateral netting and FX impact on settlementAralin 3Settlement step: netting, settlement files, settlement instructions, galaw ng pondo sa pagitan ng mga bangko ng kalahokSumasaklaw ang seksyong ito sa hakbang ng settlement, na naglalarawan kung paano kinakalkula ng mga scheme ang net positions, gumagawa ng settlement files at instructions, inililipat ang mga pondo sa pagitan ng mga bangko ng kalahok, hinahawakan ang mga bayarin at chargebacks, at sumusuporta sa reconciliation at liquidity planning.
Gross-to-net calculations and fee offsetsSettlement files, reports, and delivery channelsSettlement instructions and funding mechanismsInterbank funds movement and correspondent banksReconciliation, breaks, and liquidity managementAralin 4Authorization step: uri ng mensahe, data elements (PAN, AID, MCC, amounts, auth codes), hold vs capture basicsNakatuon ang seksyong ito sa hakbang ng awtorisasyon, na nagpapaliwanag ng mga uri ng mensahe, mga pangunahing data elements tulad ng PAN, AID, MCC, at amounts, kung paano nabubuo ang mga auth codes, at ang mga basic ng holds, partial approvals, at posterior na capture o cancellation.
ISO 8583 authorization message types and flowsCore data elements: PAN, AID, MCC, amountsCardholder verification and risk scoring inputsAuth responses, codes, and partial approvalsAuth holds, expiries, and impact on captureAralin 5End-to-end transaction lifecycle: cardholder, merchant, acquirer, processor, issuer, at card schemesInitrabaho ng seksyong ito ang isang card payment mula sa simula hanggang sa huling settlement, na nagpapaliwanag kung paano nakikipag-ugnayan ang mga cardholder, merchant, acquirer, processor, issuer, at schemes, nagpapalitan ng data, namamahala ng risk, at nagko-account ng pondo sa bawat yugto ng lifecycle.
Purchase initiation and POS data captureMerchant role in authorization and batchingAcquirer risk checks and transaction routingProcessor switching, formatting, and loggingIssuer decisioning, posting, and cardholder impactAralin 6Multi-scheme considerations: Visa vs Mastercard procedural differences, scheme-specific file layouts at timing variationsNagkukumpara ang seksyong ito ng multi-scheme operations, na nakatuon sa mga pagkakaiba ng Visa at Mastercard sa prosedura, scheme-specific file layouts, message variants, timing windows, cutoffs, at kung paano inaangkop ng mga kalahok ang mga sistema upang sumunod sa mga tuntunin ng bawat network.
Visa versus Mastercard lifecycle differencesScheme-specific authorization and clearing fieldsFile layouts, record types, and addenda usageCutoff times, settlement cycles, and holidaysScheme compliance programs and operational riskAralin 7Chargebacks, reversals, refunds, at disputes: lifecycle, timelines, representment, reason codes at impact sa settlementIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito ang lifecycle ng chargebacks, reversals, refunds, at disputes, kabilang ang mga timeline, reason codes, representment, mga kinakailangang ebidensya, at kung paano nakakaapekto ang bawat event sa clearing records, settlement amounts, at participant cash flows.
Differences between refund, reversal, and chargebackDispute initiation channels and time limitsReason codes, evidence, and representmentPre-arbitration, arbitration, and final outcomesSettlement and reconciliation impact of disputesAralin 8Clearing step: presentment, clearing files, message formats (ISO 8583/ JSON variants), required transaction fields para sa settlementIpinaliliwanag ng seksyong ito ang hakbang ng clearing, kabilang ang presentment flows, clearing file structures, ISO 8583 at JSON variants, mandatory transaction fields para sa settlement, at kung paano nare-reflect ang adjustments, fees, at interchange sa clearing records.
Presentment timing and batch creation rulesClearing file structure and record hierarchiesISO 8583 versus JSON clearing implementationsMandatory fields for settlement and feesAdjustments, reversals, and late presentments
