Somo la 1Hatari za kazi za moto: kulehema, kukata, kushikamana — vyanzo vya moto na hatua za udhibitiSehemu hii inazingatia kazi za moto kama vile kulehema, kukata na kushikamana. Inashughulikia vyanzo vya moto, mazoea ya kutazama moto, vibali, usimamizi wa makandarasi, na jinsi underwriters wanavyotathmini mara ya kazi za moto, usimamizi na utosha wa ulinzi wa moto.
Common hot work methods in metal shopsIgnition sources and heat transfer pathsHot work permit systems and recordsFire watch duties and monitoring periodsContractor hot work and supervisionUnderwriting questions on hot work controlsSomo la 2Vichocheo vya kusitishwa kwa biashara: mnyororo wa usambazaji, kusitishwa kwa vifaa, kupotea kwa nguvu, uchafuziSehemu hii inachanganua vichocheo vya kusitishwa kwa biashara kwa watengenezaji wa metali, ikijumuisha udhaifu wa mnyororo wa usambazaji, kusitishwa kwa vifaa, kupotea kwa nguvu na uchafuzi. Inaelezea uchoraaji wa utegemezi, wakati wa kurejesha na mazingatio ya ufikiaji wa BI.
Critical equipment and single‑point failuresSupply chain mapping and key suppliersUtility dependence and power reliabilityContamination, recalls, and rework delaysRecovery time objectives and bottlenecksBI values, limits, and coverage featuresSomo la 3Hatari za majanga asilia zinazohusiana na miji mid-size ya Marekani (mafuriko, upepo, tetemeko) na tathmini ya udhaifu wa tovutiSehemu hii inatathmini hatari za majanga asilia yanayoathiri miji mid-size ya Marekani, ikijumuisha mafuriko, upepo, mvua ya silaha, na tetemeko la ardhi. Inashughulikia uchaguzi wa tovuti, mwinuko, uimara wa jengo, na jinsi underwriters wanavyotumia data ya hatari na ukaguzi kutathmini hatari.
Regional CAT perils for metal facilitiesFlood zones, drainage, and elevationWind, hail, and roof system vulnerabilitiesEarthquake exposure and building typeSite access, egress, and emergency planningUse of CAT models and mapping in underwritingSomo la 4Vifaa vya moto na vinavyoweza kuwaka vinavyotumiwa (rangi, nyoleo, mafuta) na mazoea ya uhifadhi salamaSehemu hii inachunguza maji yenye moto na yanayoweza kuwaka yanayotumiwa katika mimea ya metali, ikijumuisha rangi, nyoleo na mafuta. Inashughulikia muundo wa uhifadhi, kujitenga, uingizaji hewa, ulinzi wa moto na alama nyekundu za underwriting katika utunzaji na viwango vya hesabu.
Classes of flammable and combustible liquidsNFPA and OSHA storage and handling criteriaDesign of paint rooms and mixing areasFlammable liquid cabinet and room standardsFuel storage, transfer, and spill controlsUnderwriting red flags in liquid storageSomo la 5Hatari za vumbi na chembe kutoka utengenezaji wa metali na uwezekano wa mlipuko wa piliSehemu hii inachanganua hatari za vumbi na chembe kutoka kukata, kusaga na kupolisha. Inaelezea taratibu za mlipuko wa msingi na wa pili, matarajio ya utunzaji nyumbani, muundo wa mfumo wa kukusanya, na jinsi underwriters wanavyotathmini udhibiti wa vumbi na hali za hasara.
Dust generation in common metal processesCombustible dust properties and testingDust collection and local exhaust designHousekeeping standards and cleaning methodsSecondary explosion scenarios and impactsUnderwriting review of dust controlsSomo la 6Michakato ya kawaida katika utengenezaji wa sehemu za metali (CNC machining, kulehema, rangi) na hatari zinazohusianaSehemu hii inaonyesha michakato ya kawaida ya utengenezaji wa sehemu za metali kama CNC machining, kulehema, rangi. Inauunganisha kila mchakato na hatari za moto, mlipuko, jeraha na uharibifu wa vifaa, na inaelezea jinsi mtiririko wa mchakato unaathiri wasifu wa hatari kwa ujumla.
CNC machining, cutting fluids, and fire riskForming, stamping, and press safety controlsWelding and fabrication line exposuresSurface prep, blasting, and coating hazardsMaterial handling and in‑process storageProcess flow and accumulation of valuesSomo la 7Wizi, uharibifu na uwezekano wa hesabu maalum kwa yadi za viwandani nyepesi na uhifadhi uliofenceSehemu hii inachunguza wizi, uharibifu na uwezekano wa hesabu katika yadi za viwandani nyepesi na uhifadhi uliofence. Inashughulikia vifaa vya lengo, usalama wa pembezoni, taa, usimamizi wa kamera, na jinsi underwriters wanavyotathmini udhibiti wa uhalifu na mkusanyiko wa thamani.
Attractive metals and high‑value inventory itemsPerimeter fencing, gates, and access controlLighting, cameras, and intrusion alarmsKey control and vehicle security measuresInventory records and valuation practicesCrime loss history and underwriting impactSomo la 8Wajibu wa kisheria na kimazingira unaohusiana na shughuli za kumaliza metali na rangi (taka, uzalishaji hewa)Sehemu hii inashughulikia wajibu wa kisheria na kimazingira katika kumaliza metali na shughuli za rangi. Inashughulikia uainishaji wa taka, uhifadhi, udhibiti wa uzalishaji hewa, vibali, majibu ya kumwagika, na jinsi underwriters wanavyopima gharama za uwezekano wa kusafisha na mahitaji ya ufikiaji.
Hazardous waste identification and codingWaste storage, labeling, and accumulation limitsAir emissions, VOCs, and control equipmentWastewater pretreatment and discharge permitsSpill prevention and emergency response plansEnvironmental underwriting information needsSomo la 9Sababu za kibinadamu: utunzaji nyumbani, matengenezo, mafunzo ya opereta na udhibiti wa makandarasiSehemu hii inachunguza sababu za kibinadamu zinazoathiri mara na ukali wa hasara. Inashughulikia utunzaji nyumbani, matengenezo ya kuzuia, mafunzo ya opereta, usimamizi na udhibiti wa makandarasi, na inaonyesha jinsi utamaduni na nidhamu inavyoathiri maamuzi ya underwriting.
Housekeeping standards and inspection routinesPreventive and predictive maintenance plansOperator training, certification, and refreshersLockout/tagout and safe work proceduresContractor selection and on‑site controlsUnderwriter assessment of safety cultureSomo la 10Sababu za kawaida za hasara: moto, milipuko, kushindwa kwa vifaa, kuharibika kwa mashine, kutolewa kwa uchafuziSehemu hii inachunguza sababu za kawaida za hasara katika vifaa vya metali, ikijumuisha moto, milipuko, kushindwa kwa vifaa na kutolewa kwa uchafuzi. Inasisitiza data ya hasara, uchambuzi wa sababu za msingi na jinsi underwriters wanavyobadilisha mifumo kuwa bei na mahitaji ya hatari.
Historical fire and explosion loss patternsMachinery breakdown and fatigue failuresElectrical faults and control panel issuesHydraulic, pneumatic, and coolant leaksContaminant release and cleanup scenariosUsing loss runs in underwriting decisions
