سبق 1Legal تے customs risks: غلط HS code, misdeclared value, sanctions/compliance screeningایہ سیکشن misclassification, undervaluation, تے sanctions breaches توں legal تے customs exposure نوں address کردا اے۔ HS code rules, customs valuation, export controls, تے fines, seizures, تے criminal liability روکن لئے screening tools سمجھاؤندا اے۔
HS classification principles and common errorsCustoms valuation, transfer pricing, and dutiesConsequences of misdeclaration and fraudSanctions regimes and restricted party listsCompliance screening workflows and recordsسبق 2Environmental تے geopolitical risks: port strikes, canal closures, natural disasters, regional disruptionsایہ سیکشن sea lanes نوں متاثر کرنے والے environmental تے geopolitical disruptions دا تجزیہ کردا اے، جویں port strikes, canal closures, wars, تے extreme weather۔ Scenario mapping, route diversification, تے uncertainties manage کرن لئے contractual tools کور کردا اے۔
Port strikes and labor unrest impactsCanal closures and chokepoint exposureStorms, floods, and climate change hazardsRegional conflicts, piracy, and war zonesScenario planning and route diversificationسبق 3Mitigation measures: carriers تے NVOCCs نوں vetting, contingency routings, buffer lead times, blank sailings clauses, contingency insurance تے war-risk endorsementsایہ سیکشن practical mitigation strategies پیش کردا اے، carriers تے NVOCCs نوں vetting توں blank sailings تے force majeure تے clauses negotiate کرن تک۔ Contingency routings, safety stocks, تے war تے political risk شامل specialized insurance کور کردا اے۔
Carrier and NVOCC due diligence checksContingency routings and alternative modesBuffer lead times and safety stock policiesBlank sailings, force majeure, and clausesWar-risk and political risk endorsementsسبق 4Insurance solutions: cargo insurance types (all-risk بمقابلہ named perils), Institute Cargo Clauses, declared value تے CIF بمقابلہ CIP implicationsایہ سیکشن key cargo insurance options, Institute Cargo Clauses, تے valuation methods دی جائزہ لیتا اے۔ All-risk تے named perils covers دی موازنہ، تے declared value, CIF, تے CIP terms دا premium, liability, تے claims تے اثر assess کردا اے۔
All-risk vs named perils cargo coverageInstitute Cargo Clauses A, B, and C scopeDeclared value and underinsurance risksCIF vs CIP responsibilities and coverageClaims handling, documentation, and evidenceسبق 5Risk تے cost allocate کرن لئے Incoterms چننا (EXW, FOB, FCA, CPT, DDP): manufacturer client لئے recommended choices تے tradeoffsایہ سیکشن Incoterms دا cost, risk, تے tasks نوں seller تے buyer وچ allocate کرنا سمجھاؤندا اے۔ Manufacturers لئے EXW, FOB, FCA, CPT, تے DDP دی موازنہ، documentation, control, تے cash flow tradeoffs highlight کردا اے تے balanced choices recommend کردا اے۔
Core Incoterms 2020 risk transfer rulesComparing EXW, FCA, and FOB for exportersUsing CPT and CIP for containerized cargoDDP implications for taxes and complianceIncoterm selection for manufacturer clientsسبق 6Operational risks: delays, container shortages, demurrage/DET, cargo damage تے lossایہ سیکشن maritime logistics وچ operational risks دی کھوج کردا اے، delays, rolled cargo, container shortages, demurrage, detention, تے cargo damage شامل۔ Root causes, cost drivers, تے monitor تے control کرن لئے performance indicators دی تفصیل دیتا اے۔
Schedule reliability and delay driversContainer shortages and equipment imbalancesDemurrage, detention, and storage chargesCargo damage, loss, and liability limitsKPIs and dashboards for risk monitoring
