Lesson 1Structured reporting for seizure MRI: targeted descriptions, differential prioritization, and suggested next imaging or EEG correlationThis section shows how to make structured seizure MRI reports, stressing clear descriptions of lesions, exact locations, prioritised differentials, and direct suggestions for more imaging, EEG links, and team discussions to aid diagnosis.
Standardized report templates and headingsDescribing lesion location and extent clearlyPrioritizing differential diagnoses by likelihoodStating limitations and motion or artifact issuesRecommending follow-up imaging or protocolsLinking imaging findings with EEG and clinical dataLesson 2Vascular and infectious/ inflammatory causes of seizures visible on MRI and red flags requiring urgent neurovascular or infectious work-upThis section reviews vascular, infectious, and inflammatory causes of seizures on MRI. Learners will spot key patterns, identify warning signs on images, and know when to push for quick neurovascular or infectious checks and team consultations.
Arterial ischemic stroke and seizure correlationCerebral venous thrombosis and hemorrhagic lesionsVasculitis patterns on vessel wall and parenchymaEncephalitis: limbic and diffuse involvementNeurocysticercosis and other parasitic infectionsImaging red flags requiring urgent escalationLesson 3Mesial temporal sclerosis imaging: hippocampal volume loss, increased T2/FLAIR signal, internal architecture loss, and asymmetry assessmentThis section covers imaging criteria for mesial temporal sclerosis, including hippocampal volume loss, raised T2/FLAIR signals, disrupted internal structure, asymmetry checks, and common mimics that can confuse sure diagnosis in epilepsy cases.
Hippocampal volumetry and qualitative atrophyT2 and FLAIR hyperintensity patternsLoss of internal hippocampal architectureAssessing asymmetry across coronal planesDifferentiating MTS from normal variantsMTS associations with dual pathologyLesson 4Systematic cortical and hippocampal inspection techniques: symmetry checks, cortical thickness, cortical/subcortical signal changesThis section teaches a step-by-step visual routine for checking cortex and hippocampus, focusing on symmetry, cortical thickness, gray-white junction, and subtle signal changes that might show focal cortical dysplasia or mesial temporal issues.
Establishing a consistent inspection workflowAssessing hemispheric and lobar symmetryEvaluating cortical thickness and gyral patternsGray–white junction and subcortical signal changesFocused hippocampal head, body, tail reviewCommon pitfalls and normal anatomic variantsLesson 5Optimized MRI protocols for first seizure evaluation and when to add high-resolution seizure protocolsThis section covers practical MRI protocol planning for first seizures, including core sequences, when to use high-resolution epilepsy protocols, and adapting settings for patient age, suspicions, and scanner limits in resource settings.
Essential sequences for initial seizure MRISlice orientation and coverage optimizationWhen to add high-resolution temporal lobe imaging3D T1 and 3D FLAIR for cortical lesion detectionProtocol adjustments in pediatric patientsBalancing scan time, motion risk, and image qualityLesson 6Imaging features of low-grade gliomas on MRI: T1/T2/FLAIR appearances, contrast behavior, DWI/ADC characteristics, perfusion and spectroscopy correlatesThis section details MRI looks of low-grade gliomas linked to seizures, reviewing T1, T2, FLAIR signals, contrast patterns, DWI/ADC traits, and how perfusion and spectroscopy help grade lesions and plan surgery effectively.
Typical T1 and T2 signal characteristicsFLAIR hyperintensity and lesion marginsContrast enhancement patterns and absenceDWI and ADC in low cellularity tumorsPerfusion metrics and relative cerebral blood volumeMR spectroscopy metabolic signatures in gliomasLesson 7Sequence-by-sequence approach to interpretation: what to evaluate on localizers, T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI/ADC, SWI/GRE, and post-contrast T1This section teaches a structured, sequence-by-sequence reading method for seizure MRI, covering what to check on localizers, T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI/ADC, GRE/SWI, and post-contrast T1 to avoid missing lesions and ensure consistent interpretation.
Using localizers for orientation and coverageSystematic review on T1-weighted imagesEdema and gliosis assessment on T2 and FLAIRAcute and subacute changes on DWI and ADCMicrobleeds and calcifications on GRE and SWIEnhancement patterns on post-contrast T1Lesson 8Core brain MRI sequences and their biophysical bases: T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI/ADC, GRE/SWI, and post-contrast T1This section explains core brain MRI sequences for seizure imaging and their biophysical principles, linking tissue traits to T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI/ADC, GRE/SWI, and post-contrast T1 looks, showing each sequence's unique diagnostic role.
T1-weighted contrast and tissue relaxationT2-weighted imaging and fluid sensitivityFLAIR suppression and periventricular lesionsDWI and ADC: diffusion and cytotoxic edemaGRE and SWI for blood and mineral detectionPost-contrast T1 and blood–brain barrier integrityLesson 9Recognizing focal cortical dysplasia: MRI signs (cortical thickening, blurring of gray-white junction, transmantle sign) and recommended high-resolution sequencesThis section reviews MRI signs of focal cortical dysplasia and best sequences for finding them, highlighting cortical thickening, gray-white blurring, transmantle sign, and high-resolution 3D T1 and FLAIR roles in pre-surgical checks.
Cortical thickening and abnormal gyral patternsGray–white junction blurring on 3D sequencesTransmantle sign and radial band appearanceBest planes for detecting subtle FCD lesionsHigh-resolution 3D T1 and 3D FLAIR protocolsDifferentiating FCD from polymicrogyria and scars
