Lesson 1Placenta: Position, Shape, and Grading; Cord Attachment CheckIt shows how to find the placenta's location, grade, and shape, spot signs of previa or accreta issues, and check cord attachment, including marginal, velamentous, and vasa previa types that affect pregnancy care.
Finding anterior, posterior, or fundal placentaLow-lying placenta and previa rulesPlacental lakes, thickness, and texture shiftsGrannum grading and its clinical limitsCord insertion: central, marginal, velamentousChecking for vasa previa with colour DopplerLesson 2Limits of Ultrasound at 21 Weeks and When to Suggest Specialist ReferralIt looks at technical and body-related limits of 21-week ultrasound, like mother's build, baby position, and machine issues, and explains when poor views or possible problems need specialist referral or repeat scans.
Effect of mother's BMI, scars, and fibroidsBaby position, movement, and shadow problemsMachine resolution and operator skillsWhen poor views need repeat scansRules for specialist anomaly or heart referralClearly telling doctors about limitsLesson 3Restating the Medical Question and Ultrasound's Role in Mid-Trimester PainIt focuses on making clear the medical question for women with mid-trimester pain, ultrasound's job in ruling out pregnancy emergencies, checking cervix, placenta, membranes, and side organs, and knowing when results need quick action.
Clarifying pain start, pattern, and other signsChecking baby well-being during mother's painLooking at placenta, membranes, and area behind placentaTransvaginal cervix length and funneling signsSide organs, womb, and urinary tract checkWarning signs needing quick pregnancy reviewLesson 4Probe Choice, Patient Position, and Scan Planes for Anatomy and MeasurementsIt covers best probe types, frequency choices, patient positioning for comfort and clear images, and standard length, width, and angled planes for reliable anatomy and measurement checks at 21 weeks.
Curved probe choice and settingsMother positioning and tilt for safetyWidth and length womb survey planesStandard planes for head and brain measurementsStandard planes for belly and thigh bone measurementsAdjusting depth, focus, and gain controlsLesson 5Amniotic Fluid Check: AFI and Single Deepest Pocket Method and MeaningIt explains ways to check amniotic fluid using AFI and single deepest pocket, including how to measure, normal amounts at 21 weeks, and spotting low or high fluid with health effects.
Quadrant split and AFI measure stepsSingle deepest pocket method and limitsNormal fluid levels for mid-pregnancyLow fluid thresholds and effectsHigh fluid thresholds and effectsCommon measure errors and how to avoidLesson 6Report Format for Mid-Trimester Anatomy Scan and Key Phrases to UseIt describes a planned mid-trimester report, with must-have sections, standard words, and suggested terms for normal and abnormal results, ensuring clear, legally sound reports easy to compare with later scans.
Key report sections and orderStandard words for normal baby anatomyDescribing soft signs and small differencesClear words for suspected big problemsRecording measurements and growth chartsSuggestions, follow-up, and note textLesson 7Reasons for Scan and Key Mother/Baby History to GatherIt lists main mother and baby reasons for a 21-week scan, including routine checks and high-risk cases, and details the needed history, medicines, and past scans to collect before starting.
Routine check vs high-risk reasonsMother's health, surgery, and pregnancy historyCurrent pregnancy issues and medicinesAssisted pregnancy and twinsPast ultrasound, checks, and lab resultsFamily history of problems or genetic issuesLesson 8Baby Position and Lie, Basic Baby Doppler Targets (Umbilical Artery) and When to UseIt explains checking baby lie, position, and placenta link, and basic umbilical artery Doppler reasons, method, values, and meaning, including when Doppler helps at 21 weeks.
Finding lie, position, and body sideLink of presenting part to placentaUmbilical artery Doppler reasons at 21 weeksSample method and angle best practiceSystolic/diastolic ratio, PI, and RI basicsAbnormal waves and follow-up planLesson 9Key Guide References for Pregnancy Dating and Problem Screening (How to Find)It guides to main world and local guides on dating and problem screening, explaining how to find, understand, and use advice, including measure standards, time frames, and record needs.
Main groups: ISUOG, ACOG, SMFM, RCOGFinding online guide libraries and appsKey dating advice and CRL to measurementsStandard problem screening lists and timingUsing guide charts and z-score toolsRecording guide standard followingLesson 10Detailed Baby Anatomy Check: Organs and Parts to Look at 18–22 WeeksIt details the step-by-step baby anatomy check at 18–22 weeks, covering brain, face, spine, chest, heart, belly, kidneys, limbs, and private parts, with key normal signs and common structure problems to spot and record.
Skull, midline, and back brain viewsFace shape, eyes, lips, and roof mouth checksNeck, chest, lower back, and tailbone spine viewsFour-room heart and outflow path viewsBelly wall, stomach, gut, and kidneysLimbs, hands, feet, and private parts checkLesson 11ALARA Rule in Pregnancy Scanning and Safety PointsIt stresses ultrasound safety in pregnancy, detailing the ALARA rule, careful use of power and scan time, understanding TI and MI numbers, and avoiding extra Doppler, especially early and on baby brain.
Body effects of diagnostic ultrasoundUnderstanding TI and MI on screenUsing ALARA in routine pregnancy scansLimiting Doppler use and timeSafety in early pregnancy and baby brain scansAdvising patients on ultrasound safetyLesson 12Measurements and Dating: Head, Belly Circumference, Thigh Bone Length Norms and ChartsIt covers standard body measures at 21 weeks, like BPD, HC, AC, and FL, with right planes, calliper placement, and use of charts or z-scores for dating, growth check, and size difference spotting.
BPD and HC planes and calliper positionBelly circumference plane and common errorsThigh bone length method and false imagesChoosing right growth chartsUsing centiles and z-scores for datingMeaning small or large for pregnancy age
