Lesson 1Fuel storage and distribution sites: evaporation, loading/unloading, escaping leaks, burning sources and common pollutantsThis part looks at emissions from fuel storage and distribution sites, covering losses from tank breathing, loading and unloading work, escaping leaks, and on-site burning, focusing on VOC and harmful air toxics patterns.
Above-ground and below-ground storage tanksWorking, breathing, and standing lossesTruck and rail loading emissionsEscaping leaks from valves and fittingsOn-site burning and flare emissionsLesson 2Emission rates and records: using EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry-specific emission rate sources for estimating amountsThis part explains how to use EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry-specific emission rates to estimate source strengths, covering activity data, time distribution, uncertainty, and records for urban emission records.
Structure and use of EPA AP-42 ratesMOVES for road and off-road sourcesIndustry-specific and supplier rate sourcesChoosing activity data and time patternsUncertainty, quality checks, and recordsLesson 3Describing traffic sources: vehicle types, fleet makeup, diesel vs petrol, traffic jam effectsThis part describes traffic emissions by vehicle group, fuel type, fleet age, and running conditions, pointing out traffic jams, cold starts, and driving patterns that affect pollutant patterns in mixed-use areas.
Vehicle groups and fleet makeupPetrol versus diesel emission patternsCold starts, hot soaks, and idlingTraffic jams, speed, and driving patternsBrake, tyre, and road dust emissionsLesson 4Useful ways to survey local sources: traffic counts, site records, permit databases, and field checksThis part shows useful methods to find and measure local sources, including traffic counts, site records, permit databases, and field checks, stressing data quality and area coverage.
Planning traffic count effortsGathering site and land-use recordsUsing air permit and compliance databasesField checks and source mappingCombining various local data sourcesLesson 5Pollutant-type linking: PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, benzene, formaldehyde, NH3, and ozone startersThis part connects common urban sources to key pollutant types, including PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, air toxics, NH3, and ozone starters, aiding type profiles and receiver modeling uses.
Primary versus secondary pollutant ideasPM2.5 and PM10 source contribution patternsNOx, SO2, and CO emission connectionsVOCs, benzene, and formaldehyde sourcesNH3 and ozone starter source rolesLesson 6Emissions from small industry: metalwork, printing processes, solvent use and common pollutant patternsThis part examines emissions from small industrial activities like metalwork, printing, and solvent use, stressing running conditions, control methods, and resulting pollutant patterns relevant to urban mixed-use neighbourhoods.
Metal cutting, welding, and surface prepPrinting presses, inks, and cleaning workSolvent degreasing and coating usesCommon VOC, PM, and air toxics patternsEmission controls and good work practicesLesson 7Running reasons for emissions: burning processes, evaporation, rubbing, escaping leaks, and secondary formation waysThis part reviews running ways that produce emissions, including burning, evaporation, rubbing, escaping leaks, and secondary formation, connecting physical processes to pollutant types and control chances.
Burning stages and flame conditionsEvaporation from liquids and surfacesMechanical rubbing and wear processesEscaping leaks from equipment partsAtmospheric secondary pollutant formationLesson 8Home and business burning: heating, cooking, small boilers and related emissionsThis part covers burning in homes and businesses, including room heating, water heating, and cooking, explaining fuel choices, appliance types, running patterns, and resulting gas and particle emissions in urban areas.
Room and water heating technologiesGas, oil, biomass, and electric cookingSmall boilers and packaged heating unitsBurning chemistry and pollutant formationIndoor-outdoor emission paths
