Lesson 1Ongoing shifts since 2010s: settlement expansion, diplomatic realignments, and recent major incidentsExamines developments since the 2010s, including settlement growth, Gaza wars, regional normalisation, intra-Palestinian splits, and shifting U.S. and global diplomacy, culminating in major escalations and changing conflict narratives.
Settlement legalisation and de facto annexationGaza wars and evolving military doctrinesArab normalisation and the Abraham AccordsIntra-Palestinian political fragmentationU.S. policy shifts across administrationsGlobal public opinion and legal initiativesLesson 2Suez Crisis and 1950s regional dynamics: Arab states and Israeli securityAnalyses the 1956 Suez Crisis, collusion between Israel, Britain, and France, and U.S.–Soviet responses, showing how the episode shaped Israeli deterrence, Arab nationalism, UN peacekeeping, and Cold War alignments in the region.
Egyptian nationalism and canal nationalisationTripartite collusion and invasion plansIsraeli campaign in Sinai PeninsulaU.S. and Soviet diplomatic interventionUNEF deployment and Israeli withdrawalImpact on Nasserism and Arab–Israeli rivalryLesson 3Gaza developments since 2005 and periodic escalations: blockade, governance, and conflictFocuses on Gaza after Israel’s 2005 disengagement, Hamas’s takeover, the blockade regime, and repeated wars, assessing humanitarian conditions, governance challenges, regional mediation, and how Gaza shapes wider conflict dynamics.
Israeli disengagement and settlement removalHamas electoral victory and takeover of GazaBlockade policies and border controlsRocket fire, airstrikes, and ground incursionsHumanitarian crisis and reconstruction cyclesEgyptian, Qatari, and UN mediation effortsLesson 41967 Six-Day War and its consequences: territories, occupation, and settlementsExplores the 1967 Six-Day War, rapid Israeli victories, and capture of the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and Golan, tracing how occupation, UN Resolution 242, and early settlement projects redefined the conflict’s geography and politics.
Regional tensions and pre-war military movesCourse of the war on multiple frontsTerritorial gains and new ceasefire linesUN Resolution 242 and land-for-peace ideaMilitary rule in occupied territoriesOrigins of ideological settlement movementsLesson 5UN Partition Plan and 1947–49 war: outcome, refugees, and state formationCovers the 1947 UN Partition Plan, the civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, and armistice lines, explaining state formation, refugee flows, and how competing narratives emerged around victory and catastrophe.
UNSCOP proposals and partition map detailsYishuv and Arab leadership responsesCivil war phase in late Mandate periodArab state intervention and major battlesArmistice agreements and Green Line bordersPalestinian refugee crisis and Nakba memoryLesson 6British Mandate period and intercommunal tensions (1918–1947)Explores the British Mandate in Palestine, legal frameworks, immigration policies, and land disputes, tracing how intercommunal violence, British divide-and-rule tactics, and failed partition proposals set the stage for later war.
League of Nations Mandate and British objectivesBalfour Declaration and legal incorporationJewish immigration waves and land purchasesArab protests, strikes, and rural revoltsBritish policing and emergency regulationsPeel Commission and partition proposalsLesson 7Zionist congresses and early settlement (1897–1918): aims and international receptionExamines early Zionist politics from the First Zionist Congress through World War I, focusing on ideological debates, settlement strategies, diplomacy with great powers, and how local Arab society perceived and reacted to these changes.
Herzl, Basel Programme, and Zionist institutionsPolitical versus practical Zionism debatesEarly agricultural colonies and land fundsRelations with Ottoman authorities and elitesArab press reactions and local oppositionWorld War I diplomacy and the Balfour pledgeLesson 81978–79 Camp David and Egypt–Israel peace: diplomacy and regional impactExplores the Camp David Accords, Egypt’s separate peace with Israel, and U.S. mediation, assessing how the treaty reshaped regional alliances, Palestinian diplomacy, military balances, and the Arab world’s approach to Israel.
Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem and diplomatic openingCamp David negotiations and U.S. mediationTerms of the Egypt–Israel peace treatySinai withdrawal and security arrangementsRegional Arab reaction and Egypt’s isolationImpact on Palestinian representation and strategyLesson 9First and Second Intifadas: popular uprising, tactics, and political effects (1987–1993; 2000–2005)Traces the First and Second Intifadas, comparing grassroots mobilisation, tactics, and leadership, and examining how each uprising reshaped Israeli and Palestinian politics, security practices, and international engagement with the conflict.
Origins and organisation of the First IntifadaPopular committees, strikes, and boycottsOslo process emerging from the First IntifadaTrigger events of the Second IntifadaSuicide bombings and Israeli military responsePolitical fallout for Israeli and Palestinian leadersLesson 10Oslo process and its limits: agreements, institutions, and failuresAnalyses the Oslo framework, its phased approach, and new institutions, highlighting core agreements, security coordination, settlement trends, and why the process stalled, leaving key final-status issues unresolved.
Oslo I, Oslo II, and Declaration of PrinciplesCreation and powers of the Palestinian AuthoritySecurity coordination and policing arrangementsSettlement expansion during the Oslo yearsAssassinations, bombings, and mutual distrustCamp David 2000 and collapse of final talks
