Lesson 1Quality control and testing of repairs (coring, pull-off tests, visual acceptance criteria, monitoring)This part covers quality checks for underwater fixes, including checks before placing, coring, pull-off tests, visual standards, and ongoing monitoring, with ways to record results and fix issues.
Preplacement inspections and checklistsSampling, coring and compressive testingPull‑off and bond tests on repaired areasVisual acceptance criteria for divers and QA staffPost‑repair monitoring and performance trackingLesson 2Mechanisms of concrete deterioration in marine environments (chloride attack, carbonation, freeze-thaw, abrasion)This part looks at how sea water wears down concrete, covering salt entry, carbonation, freeze-thaw cycles, rubbing, and chemical damage, linking these to common underwater problems and repair choices.
Chloride penetration and reinforcement corrosionCarbonation effects in tidal and splash zonesFreeze‑thaw and scaling in cold marine watersAbrasion and impact from ice, debris and vesselsChemical and biological attack on concreteLesson 3Tools and diver equipment specific to concrete work (underwater mixers, grout pumps, tremie hoses, underwater vibrators)This part details tools and gear divers wear for underwater concrete jobs, like mixers, grout pumps, tremie hoses, vibrators, and support kit, stressing safe use, upkeep, and quick setup from the boat.
Underwater and deck‑mounted concrete mixersGrout pumps, hoses and pressure controlTremie hose handling and diver coordinationUnderwater vibrators and consolidation toolsPPE and support gear for concrete operationsLesson 4Assessment techniques for submerged concrete and exposed reinforcement (visual, sounding, chain drag, ultrasonic testing)This part gives ways to check submerged concrete and bare steel bars, using sight checks, tapping, chain dragging, and sound waves, with tips on mapping faults, noting them, and talking to surface tenders.
Planning underwater inspection scopes and accessVisual inspection patterns and defect recordingSounding and chain drag for delamination detectionUltrasonic and pulse‑echo testing underwaterCondition rating and repair priority decisionsLesson 5Underwater repair materials: hydraulic repair mortars, cementitious grouts, anti-washout formulations, epoxy mortarsThis part reviews fix materials for underwater use like hydraulic mortars, cement grouts, no-wash mixes, and epoxy mortars, explaining how to choose, handle, store, and ensure they work on sea structures.
Hydraulic repair mortars for hand and form repairsCementitious grouts for voids and baseplatesAnti‑washout concrete and grout formulationsEpoxy mortars and bonding agents underwaterMaterial storage, mixing and pot life controlLesson 6Formwork and cofferdam options for underwater repair (removable formwork, prefabricated collars, inflatable dams)This part describes moulds and temporary walls for underwater fixes, like removable forms, ready-made collars, and air-filled dams, focusing on picking, setting up, sealing, bracing, and safe water removal.
Criteria for selecting formwork or cofferdamsDesign of removable underwater formwork systemsPrefabricated collars for piles and columnsInflatable dams and temporary water exclusionSealing, bracing and controlled dewateringLesson 7Mixing, placement and curing of underwater cementitious materials (anti-washout admixtures, tremie and pumping techniques)This part covers mixing ratios, blending, and placing underwater concrete and mortars, key on no-wash additives, tremie tubes, pump methods, vibrating, and curing to keep strength and lasting power underwater.
Proportioning underwater concrete and repair mortarsSelection and dosage of anti‑washout admixturesTremie pipe setup, positioning and operationUnderwater concrete pumping procedures and limitsCuring methods and protection in submerged conditionsLesson 8Surface preparation methods underwater (hydro-scarifying, scabbling, needle-gunning, abrasive water jetting, hand tools)This part explains how divers rough up submerged concrete for good sticking, using water blasting, scabbling, needle guns, water jets, and hand tools, stressing surface shape, cleanliness, and safety.
Marine growth and contamination removal stepsHydro‑scarifying equipment and operating limitsScabbling and needle‑gunning techniques underwaterAbrasive water jetting setup and safety zonesHand tools for detailing edges and tight areas
