Lesson 1White-matter pathways: arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus — roles in repetition and integrationThis part breaks down main white fibre bundles, like arcuate, uncinate, and top long fasciculi, describing their layout, links, and jobs in repeating, word-meaning joining, and front-back language streams.
Arcuate fasciculus and repetition circuitrySuperior longitudinal fasciculus and dorsal streamUncinate fasciculus and semantic integrationInferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in readingDisconnection syndromes and conduction aphasiaLesson 2Auditory processing pathway for speech perception: from cochlea to brainstem nuclei to primary auditory cortex and higher-order processingThis part traces ear-to-brain path for speech hearing, from inner ear through brain stem hubs and relay centre to main and higher ear brain areas, detailing time and frequency breakdown, sound unit mapping, and early speech-other sound split.
Cochlear transduction and frequency decompositionBrainstem nuclei and binaural processingMedial geniculate body and thalamic gatingPrimary auditory cortex and phonemic encodingSecondary auditory areas and speech–nonspeech parsingLesson 3Stepwise neural sequence when hearing a question and answering aloud: auditory decoding, comprehension, formulation, motor planning, execution, and feedback monitoringThis part follows brain steps from hearing a question to speaking answer, covering sound decoding, understanding, idea forming, word picking, movement planning, doing, and check-back across brain networks.
Auditory decoding of the spoken questionSyntactic and semantic comprehension stagesConceptualization and message formulationPhonological encoding and motor planningExecution, monitoring, and error correctionLesson 4Primary sensorimotor cortices: primary motor cortex (speech motor areas), primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortexThis part reviews main movement, touch, and hearing brain areas, stressing their cell setup, body mapping and sound mapping, and how these basics back mouth moves, speech check, and links to higher language spots.
Somatotopy of the primary motor speech areasOrofacial representation in primary somatosensory cortexTonotopic maps in primary auditory cortexCortical columns and cytoarchitecture in M1 and S1Integration of sensory feedback during articulationLesson 5Right hemisphere contributions: prosody, pragmatics, discourse-level processing, visuo-spatial and affective aspectsThis part checks right brain side roles in rhythm, use in context, long talk processing, space seeing, and feeling parts, highlighting side-to-side teamwork and clinic problems from right side damage affecting talk.
Acoustic and linguistic prosody processingPragmatic inference and conversational implicatureDiscourse macrostructure and coherence buildingVisuospatial context in communication cuesAffective prosody and emotional interpretationLesson 6Association and multimodal regions: inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, angular and supramarginal gyriThis part focuses on linking and multi-sense brain folds, including lower front, upper side, angle, and side-margin folds, explaining jobs in sound systems, meaning, sentence build, reading, and sense mixing for language.
Inferior frontal gyrus and phonological working memorySuperior temporal gyrus and lexical accessAngular gyrus in semantic and conceptual integrationSupramarginal gyrus in phonological mappingMultimodal convergence and reading networksLesson 7Neural control of speech motor output: cortical planning, corticobulbar tracts, cranial nerve nuclei (V, VII, IX, X, XII) and motor executionThis part explains brain control of speech movement output, from surface planning through brain-to-nerve paths to head nerve hubs, detailing movement doing, reflex tweaks, and check systems for smooth clear speech.
Cortical planning in premotor and SMA regionsCorticobulbar tract organization and lateralityCranial nerve nuclei for speech musculatureMotor execution and articulatory timingAuditory and somatosensory feedback controlLesson 8Subcortical structures and cerebellum: basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellar contributions to speech timing, motor learning and prosodyThis part explores deep brain clusters, relay centre, and balance brain in speech, stressing timing, movement learning, rhythm, and starting, linking faults to slurred speech, stammering, weak voice, and shaky speech.
Basal ganglia loops and speech initiationThalamic relay and modulation of language signalsCerebellar timing and articulatory coordinationMotor learning and adaptation in speechSubcortical contributions to prosody controlLesson 9Cortical language centers: Broca’s area (anatomical boundaries, cytoarchitecture) and Wernicke’s areaThis part details surface language hubs, stressing Broca’s and Wernicke’s spots, their body edges, cell setup, links, and unique jobs in speech planning, sentence build, word get, and understanding.
Anatomical boundaries of Broca’s areaCytoarchitecture of inferior frontal language cortexAnatomical boundaries of Wernicke’s areaPosterior temporal cortex and lexical semanticsFunctional connectivity between Broca and Wernicke
