Lesson 1Injection Technique to Minimise Extravasation: Vein Selection, Tourniquet Use, Aspiration Check, Flushing, and Securing Injection SiteThis lesson covers IV injection methods to reduce leaks, including picking veins, using tourniquets, checking aspiration, flushing, and stabilising the site. It explains spotting, recording, and handling infiltration incidents.
Patient assessment and vein selection criteriaTourniquet placement and vein visualisationAspiration check and slow, steady injectionSaline flush technique and line patency checksSecuring the injection site and patient positioningRecognising and documenting infiltrationsLesson 2Contamination Control and Surveys: Wipe Tests, Use of Survey Meters, Frequency, Acceptable Limits, and Action LevelsThis lesson addresses controlling contamination in nuclear medicine, including regular surveys, wipe tests, limits, and response steps, with focus on records, cleaning methods, and prevention tips.
Types of contamination and common sourcesUse and limitations of survey metersPerforming and interpreting wipe testsSurvey frequency and regulatory expectationsAction levels, decontamination, and re-surveyRecordkeeping and trend analysis for hotspotsLesson 3Dose Calculations Using Time, Activity, and Patient Weight: Weight-Based Adjustments, Decay Correction, and Paediatric/Obese ConsiderationsThis lesson reviews calculating doses with time, activity, and weight, including weight dosing, decay fixes, and changes for children and overweight patients while following rules and limits.
Basic activity, time, and decay relationshipsUsing decay factors and half-life tablesWeight-based adult dosing calculationsPaediatric dosing and minimum activity limitsAdjustments for obese or very small adultsChecking calculations against protocol rangesLesson 4Common Radiopharmaceuticals and Administration Routes: Tc-99m Sestamibi/Tetrofosmin for Myocardial Perfusion (IV), Tc-99m MDP for Bone Scan (IV); Typical Adult Activity RangesThis lesson reviews common technetium-99m drugs, their uses, injection methods, and adult activity levels, stressing right choice, labelling, and recording for heart and bone imaging.
Tc-99m sestamibi: indications and adult dose rangeTc-99m tetrofosmin: indications and adult dose rangeTc-99m MDP: indications and adult dose rangeIntravenous administration steps and checksContraindications and common adverse reactionsDocumentation of product, lot, and administered doseLesson 5Dose Calibrator Operation: Daily Background Check, Constancy Test, Geometry Considerations, Setting Correct Isotope and Time-of-Measurement CorrectionsThis lesson details daily dose calibrator use, including background checks, constancy tests, geometry effects, isotope settings, and time corrections, with emphasis on quality records and fixing issues.
Daily background and constancy proceduresQuarterly accuracy and linearity testing basicsGeometry dependence and volume considerationsSelecting correct isotope and calibration factorTime-of-measurement and decay correctionsQC documentation, trends, and troubleshootingLesson 6Activity Verification Steps: Measuring Drawn and Administered Activity, Syringe Technique, Tare Weight Method, and DocumentationThis lesson explains verifying activity before and after giving it using a calibrator, including syringe methods, leftover measurement, tare techniques, and accurate patient record keeping.
Pre-injection activity measurement in calibratorSyringe positioning and reproducible geometryMeasuring residual activity after injectionTare method for syringe and shield correctionsCalculating net administered activityRecording activity, time, and technologist IDLesson 7Post-Injection Precautions for Patients: Restroom Use, Hydration, Discharge Instructions, and Breastfeeding GuidanceThis lesson explains key instructions after injection, including toilet use, drinking water, contact limits, and breastfeeding advice, to cut radiation exposure to family, public, and staff while keeping good images.
Immediate restroom use and bladder emptyingHydration strategies to enhance tracer clearanceLimiting close contact with infants and pregnant womenWritten discharge instructions and key counselling pointsBreastfeeding interruption and milk storage guidanceWhen to escalate concerns to the nuclear medicine physicianLesson 8Safe Handling and Transport of Radiopharmaceuticals: Vial Handling, Needle/Syringe Best Practices, Use of Lead Shielding and Dose TraysThis lesson details safe handling, packing, and moving radioactive drugs, focusing on vial care, syringe prep, shielding, labelling, and rules to reduce exposure and avoid loss or wrong use.
Receiving, unpacking, and inspecting shipmentsVial handling, venting, and aseptic techniqueNeedle and syringe selection and secure assemblyUse of lead pigs, syringe shields, and dose traysLabelling, transport containers, and DOT categoriesSpill prevention during preparation and transportLesson 9Radiation Protection Principles (ALARA): Time, Distance, Shielding Applied to Technologist Workflow and Room LayoutThis lesson applies ALARA rules of time, distance, and shielding to daily work, room setup, and patient scheduling, highlighting practical ways to lower work dose and meet safety limits.
Time minimisation during high-exposure tasksMaximising distance using layout and toolsOptimising shielding for staff and public areasRoom design, hot lab zoning, and traffic flowUse of dosimeters and review of exposure reportsPregnant worker considerations and declarations
