Lesson 1Medication fundamentals: metformin mechanism, dosing, side effects, contraindications, and interactionsGoes over metformin medicine details, like how it works, doses, step-up plans, tummy side troubles, no-go cases, and main mix-ups, so nurses can watch safety and teach patients well.
Metformin mechanisms and clinical benefitsInitiation, titration, and dosing schedulesCommon side effects and mitigation tipsRenal, hepatic, and cardiac precautionsImportant drug and contrast interactionsLesson 2Impact of shift work and irregular meals on glycemic control and circadian effectsLooks at how night shifts, bad sleep, and uneven eating mess up body clocks, stress chemicals, and insulin work, causing shaky sugar levels, and gives nurse tips for better schedules and food plans.
Circadian biology and glucose regulationEffects of night shifts on insulin sensitivityMeal timing, composition, and glycemiaSleep deprivation, stress, and hormonesNursing strategies for shift-working patientsLesson 3Interpretation of glucose measurements: fasting, pre/post-prandial, random, and A1c correlationsTeaches reading fasting, before/after meal, anytime sugar checks, and A1c, with usual goals, patterns, and limits, helping nurses spot bad trends, check mistakes, and know when to call for help.
Fasting and pre-prandial glucose targetsPost-prandial glucose interpretationRandom glucose and symptom correlationUnderstanding A1c and estimated average glucoseWhen results warrant provider notificationLesson 4Short-term glycemic targets and individualized goals for adults (including frailty and comorbidities)Covers quick sugar goals and how to fit them to age, weakness, other sicknesses, and low sugar risk, so nurses match teaching, watching, and help to safe, real plans.
Standard outpatient glucose and A1c targetsAdjusting goals for frailty and comorbiditiesBalancing control with hypoglycemia riskShort-term goals during illness or stressDocumenting and reinforcing agreed targetsLesson 5Clinical presentation and complications relevant to outpatient care (hyperglycemia symptoms, vision changes, fatigue)Tells common clinic signs of type 2 diabetes, like high sugar feelings, eye shifts, tiredness, and early issues, aiding nurses to sort bad from mild, teach, and set quick follow-ups.
Typical symptoms of hyperglycemiaSubacute vision changes and eye risksFatigue, weight change, and mood effectsEarly neuropathy and foot complicationsWhen to expedite specialty referralsLesson 6Self-monitoring of blood glucose: selecting meters, teaching technique, frequency, and documentationGives tips on picking sugar machines, showing step-by-step use, how often to check, and noting down, so nurses help right home checks and good use of readings.
Choosing an appropriate glucose meterTeaching hand hygiene and lancing techniqueCorrect strip use and meter maintenanceDetermining SMBG timing and frequencyRecording, reviewing, and sharing readingsLesson 7Acute hyperglycemia and urgent warning signs requiring escalation or ED referralShows spotting and first steps for sudden high sugar, with danger signs of DKA, HHS, dry-up, mind changes, and when to rush to doctor or hospital.
Recognizing symptomatic severe hyperglycemiaRed flags for DKA and HHS in adultsAssessing dehydration and vital sign changesHome management versus urgent evaluationCriteria for ED referral and clear teachingLesson 8Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunctionMakes clear how type 2 diabetes starts, with insulin block, beta-cell fail, and liver, muscle, fat roles, helping nurses link sickness workings to signs and treatments.
Normal glucose and insulin physiology reviewMechanisms of insulin resistance in tissuesProgressive beta-cell dysfunction and lossRole of liver, muscle, and adipose tissueInflammation, genetics, and lifestyle factorsLesson 9Nursing assessment priorities: vital signs, neuropathy screening, foot exam, vision screening, medication adherencePuts focus on top nurse checks for type 2 diabetes, like life signs, nerve and foot looks, eye checks, med sticking, to catch risks soon and guide kind care.
Baseline and serial vital sign assessmentScreening for peripheral and autonomic neuropathyStructured diabetic foot inspection and risk gradingVision screening and referral pathwaysAssessing medication adherence and barriers
