Lesson 1Mechanisms of ACL injury: biomechanics of cutting/pivoting, typical force vectors, pivot shift phenomenonLooks at body movements in sharp turns, spins, and jumps that harm the ACL ligament. Explains side pushes, inward twists, front pulls, the pivot shift, and how leg position and muscle control change the danger.
Knee loading during cutting and pivoting tasksValgus and internal rotation force vectorsQuadriceps-driven anterior tibial shear forcesPivot shift phenomenon and rotatory instabilityInfluence of alignment and neuromuscular controlLesson 2Collateral ligaments and posterolateral corner: MCL, LCL, posterolateral structures and their contribution to rotatory stabilityStudies side ligaments and back-outer knee parts. Describes their setup, jobs in side-to-side and twist balance, harm types, and how mixed damage changes ACL work and check results.
Superficial and deep MCL anatomy and functionLCL course, attachments, and palpation landmarksKey posterolateral corner structuresVarus–valgus and rotatory stability contributionsPatterns and grading of collateral complex injuryLesson 3Neurovascular structures around the knee relevant to examination and complicationsCovers main nerves and blood vessels near the knee, their skin marks, and risks in sudden harm or swelling. Includes check methods, danger signs, and how body knowledge guides quick referrals and scans.
Course of popliteal artery and genicular branchesTibial and common peroneal nerve surface landmarksNeurovascular exam after acute knee traumaCompartment syndrome and ischemia warning signsIatrogenic neurovascular risks during proceduresLesson 4Knee joint osteology and articulations: femur, tibia, patella, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral biomechanicsShows thigh bone, shin bone, kneecap bones and joint faces. Explains knee joint links, touch spots, and leg lines, tying them to weight spread, wobble types, and twist injury risks.
Distal femur condyles and intercondylar notchProximal tibia plateaus and tibial spine anatomyPatellar facets and trochlear groove morphologyTibiofemoral kinematics in flexion and rotationPatellofemoral tracking and contact mechanicsLesson 5Clinical presentation and signs of ACL tear: history features (pop, rapid swelling), Lachman, anterior drawer, pivot shift—interpretation and pitfallsReviews key story clues and body checks for ACL rips. Explains reading Lachman, front pull, and pivot shift tests, usual mistakes, and how swelling, stiffness, and other harms affect results.
History: pop, swelling, and giving-way episodesInspection and effusion assessment techniquesPerforming and grading the Lachman testAnterior drawer and pivot shift interpretationCommon pitfalls and false negative scenariosLesson 6Common non-ligamentous soft tissues: joint capsule, synovium, fat pad, bursae and their role in effusion and painDescribes knee cover, lining, fat packs, and fluid sacs. Explains how they cause pain, fluid buildup, and block feelings, and changes in twist injuries and after-harm swelling.
Capsular reflections and recesses of the kneeSynovial folds, plicae, and effusion pathwaysInfrapatellar and suprapatellar fat pad anatomyMajor bursae and patterns of bursitisSoft tissue contributors to anterior knee painLesson 7Primary knee ligaments: ACL, PCL—fiber orientation, attachment sites, functional roles in stabilityDetails ACL and PCL band groups, start points, end points, and jobs stopping slides and spins. Ties body features to harm ways, checks, and rebuild tunnel spots.
ACL anteromedial and posterolateral bundlesPCL anterolateral and posteromedial bundlesTibial and femoral attachment site landmarksRoles in anterior, posterior, and rotatory controlAnatomic considerations for graft tunnel placementLesson 8Key anatomical resources and standards: recommended anatomy texts, MRI knee atlases, and consensus guidelines for ACL management relevant to clinical reasoningLists top body books, scan guides, and agreed rules for ACL care. Stresses using them to sharpen scan reading, surgery plans, and recovery thinking.
Core knee anatomy and sports medicine textbooksMRI knee atlases and online image repositoriesConsensus statements on ACL evaluationGuidelines for ACL reconstruction and rehabStrategies for integrating evidence into practiceLesson 9Imaging correlation for ACL injuries: MRI anatomy of ACL on standard sequences, common MRI signs (fiber discontinuity, edema, bone bruise), when X-ray is usefulFocuses on MRI views of ACL in usual scans and angles. Checks direct and side signs of rip, normal bone bruise ways, and when simple X-rays spot breaks or pulls.
Normal ACL appearance on sagittal MRIPrimary MRI signs of partial and complete tearsIndirect MRI signs and pivot shift bone bruisesRole of X-ray in acute ACL-related traumaCommon MRI pitfalls and normal variantsLesson 10Menisci anatomy and attachments: medial and lateral meniscus shape, coronary ligaments, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral attachmentsReviews inner and outer cushion shapes, end ties, and cover links. Explains side ligaments, shin-thigh ties, and how they shape rip types, balance, and heal chances.
Medial versus lateral meniscus shape and mobilityAnterior and posterior horn tibial insertionsCoronary ligaments and capsular attachmentsMeniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligament anatomyAnatomic basis of common meniscal tear patternsLesson 11Rehabilitation priorities from anatomic perspective: restoring quad/hamstring balance, neuromuscular control, proprioception, graft considerations and return-to-sport criteriaTurns body knowledge into recovery focus after ACL harm or fix. Covers front-back muscle match, nerve-muscle control, position sense, graft safety, and body-based sport return rules.
Restoring quadriceps and hamstring strength balanceNeuromuscular and movement pattern retrainingProprioceptive and dynamic stability drillsGraft healing timelines and load progressionObjective criteria for return-to-sport clearanceLesson 12Associated injury patterns: medial meniscal tears, MCL injury, bone bruises—anatomic rationale and frequencyLooks at how ACL breaks often pair with inner cushion rips, side ligament sprains, and bone hits. Stresses body load share, usual bruise spots, and how groups shape outlook and scans.
Load sharing between ACL, MCL, and medial meniscusTypical bone bruise locations on femur and tibiaPatterns in valgus collapse and pivoting mechanismsImaging clues to combined ligament–meniscal injuryPrognostic impact of associated structural damageLesson 13Immediate management guided by anatomy: indications for immobilization, weight-bearing decisions, urgent imaging, neurovascular checksLinks skin body marks to quick field and urgent care choices. Covers when to brace, safe step limits, fast scans, and nerve-blood checks, stressing body-risk sorting and notes.
When to immobilize versus allow early motionWeight-bearing decisions based on injured structuresIndications for urgent versus routine imagingSerial neurovascular checks and documentationRecognizing red flags requiring emergency referral
