Lesson 1Adjunctive techniques: track ablation, artificial ascites, and adjunct embolization to reduce heat sinkThis part looks at extra ways that boost safety and good work, including path burn to stop bleed and seed spread, made water belly or chest water for part move, and extra block to less heat pull. Useful in resource-poor South Sudan settings.
Path burn to stop bleed and seedMaking water belly: reasons and wayMade chest water for top lumpsExtra artery block for heat pullMix burn with door vein blockWrite and follow extra stepsLesson 2Tumor assessment: size, segmental location, proximity to vessels/bile ducts, and surgical candidacyThis part deals with lump check before burn, including size measure, part and sub-part spot, near to vessels and bile pipes, and look at cut chance and other cure choices. Guides South Sudan patient picks.
Measure lump size and numberPart and liver-part spotNear to big vessels and bile pipesCheck heat pull risk from big vesselsLook at cut and plant chancePick burn over other spot treatmentsLesson 3Ablation modality selection: principles, advantages, and limitations of radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation, and irreversible electroporationThis part compares burn ways, including radio wave, micro wave, freeze burn, and no-turn electric, focusing on how they work, good points, limits, best reasons, and tool safety thoughts. For available tech in South Sudan.
Body force of heat and non-heat burnRadio wave burn: strong and limitsMicro wave burn: power and fast goodFreeze burn: ice ball move and risksNo-turn electric: special reasonsPick way by lump size and spotLesson 4Needle path planning: safe trajectories, avoidance of pleura, bowel, and major vessels, and hydrodissection techniquesThis part explains how to make safe needle paths for liver burn, focusing on avoid lung cover, gut, and big vessels, and water-split and extra moves to guard near key parts. Safety first for South Sudan.
Look cross-cut pictures for safe entryPlan paths to avoid lung cover and basesPlans to guard gut and stomach loopsAvoid and cross near big liver vesselsWater-split: reasons, stuff, and wayUse patient place to best needle pathLesson 5Patient selection and preprocedural optimization: liver function (Child-Pugh), coagulation, and anesthesia considerationsThis part covers pick patient and best before burn, including liver work check with Child-Pugh and MELD, clot status, other health, sleep plan, and plans to less around-step risk. Key for South Sudan liver patients.
Cancer reasons and no-gosChild-Pugh and MELD score for liver holdClot check and fix plansKidney work and dye thoughtsSleep choice: local, light, or fullBefore-step no-food, meds, and agreementLesson 6Imaging guidance options: real-time ultrasound, CT-guidance, CT-fluoroscopy, MRI guidance, and image fusion workflowsThis part looks at picture guide choices for liver burn, including live sound wave, CT, CT-light, MRI guide, and picture mix steps, stressing way pick, true, and light thoughts. Adaptable to South Sudan machines.
Usual and dye-boost sound waveCT and CT-light guide waysMRI-guide burn: plans and goodPicture mix of sound with CT or MRI dataMove systems and needle track toolsLight amount best during CT guideLesson 7Intra-procedure monitoring of ablation zone and immediate technical success criteriaThis part details during-step watch of burn area using sound, CT, or MRI, rules for good cover and edges, check of right-away tech win, and plans to change or redo burns live. Ensures success in practice.
Live picture of tool spot and angleWatch burn area grow over timeCheck least burn edge needsUse dye-boost sound or CT duringRules for right-away tech win or failChoice for redo or grow burnLesson 8Imaging for planning: multiphase liver CT, contrast-enhanced MRI, and PET when indicatedThis part looks at picture ways used for burn plan, stressing many-step liver CT, dye-boost MRI, and PET when needed, with care to spot show, stage, and map vessel and bile body. For planning in South Sudan.
Many-step CT plans and time bestMRI steps for spot find and edgesUse liver-bile dye in MRIPET and PET/CT role in spot describePicture-base stage and cut chance checkMap vessel and bile body before burnLesson 9Ablation procedural steps: patient positioning, sterile setup, probe insertion, energy delivery parameters, overlapping ablations for marginThis part describes step do of liver burn, from patient place and clean ready to tool put, energy give set, over-burn for good edges, and write of step details. Step-by-step for learners.
Best patient place by part spotClean area ready and germ-kill aheadSkin entry plan and local sleepTool put, change, and confirmEnergy give set and round timeOver burns to hold lump edgesLesson 10Complications: hemorrhage, bile leak, thermal injury to adjacent structures, abscess — recognition and managementThis part talks problems of liver burn, like bleed, bile leak, heat harm to near parts, pus pocket, and needle-path seed, stressing early see, picture finds, and step fix plans. Prevention focus for safety.
Risks for big and small problemsSee and treat bleedFind and fix bile leakHeat harm to gut, chest wall, and skinLiver pus pocket: stop and drainNeedle-path seed and long goodLesson 11Post-ablation imaging protocols and follow-up schedule to confirm complete ablationThis part outlines after-burn picture plans, including time and way pick, set report of burn areas, rules for full answer versus left illness, and set follow schedules and gaps. For ongoing care in South Sudan.
Right-after step picture goalsFirst follow scan time and way choicePicture rules for full burnFind left or back lumpSet report of burn findsLong watch gaps and time
