Lesson 1Ottoman rule to British Mandate (pre-1917 to 1948): Balfour Declaration and mandate institutionsWe look at the change from late Ottoman rule to British Mandate, paying attention to the Balfour Declaration, the League of Nations mandate rules, and how British ways, groups, and community fights set the base for future troubles and the birth of a state.
Ottoman administration and local societyWorld War I campaigns in PalestineBalfour Declaration text and contextMandate charter and legal frameworkJewish Agency and Arab leadership bodiesRiots, commissions, and White PapersLesson 21967 Six-Day War and territorial changes: settlements, occupation, and security implicationsThis part looks at the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel's quick land gains, and how taking over land, building settlements, and new borders changed security ideas, talks with neighbors, life for Palestinians, and arguments about land and right to rule.
Pre-war regional tensions and alliancesCourse of the Six-Day War by frontUN Resolution 242 and legal debatesOrigins and growth of Israeli settlementsOccupation policies in West Bank and GazaSecurity doctrine after territorial expansionLesson 31948–1967 formative wars and state-building: refugee issue and absorption policiesThis part covers Israel's key years from 1948 to 1967, including taking in different Jewish newcomers, the ongoing Palestinian refugee problem, border fights, the 1956 Sinai fight, and how these built groups, sense of self, and security needs.
Mass immigration and absorption policiesMizrahi communities and social gapsPalestinian refugees and UNRWA roleBorder infiltrations and reprisal raids1956 Sinai Campaign and Suez CrisisInstitution-building and national identityLesson 421st-century turning points: disengagement from Gaza (2005), Gaza conflicts, and recent normalization agreementsThis part reviews big changes in the 21st century: the 2005 pullout from Gaza, later Gaza wars, rocket and tunnel dangers, and new peace deals with Arab countries, looking at their effects on safety, talks, and home matters.
Sharon’s disengagement plan and motivesEvacuation of Gaza settlements and impactHamas takeover and internal Palestinian splitGaza wars and evolving military tacticsRocket defense and Iron Dome systemAbraham Accords and regional realignmentLesson 5Domestic political shifts since 2009: polarization, judicial debates, and changing party alignmentsWe look into Israel's home politics since 2009, focusing on vote changes, Netanyahu's long time in power, growing splits, talks on court changes and balances, moves in right and center-left groups, and protest actions.
Netanyahu era and coalition patternsRise of centrist and new protest partiesReligious-secular and ethnic cleavagesJudicial reform plans and oppositionRole of Supreme Court and Basic LawsMass protests and public trust in institutionsLesson 6Peace processes: Camp David (1978) and Oslo Accords (1993) — terms and political impactThis part studies the 1978 Camp David deals and 1993 Oslo plan, comparing their rules, hard parts in carrying them out, and effects on Israeli, Palestinian, and area politics, including hopes from supporters and worries from critics on safety and right to rule.
Sadat’s visit and Camp David negotiationsEgypt-Israel treaty terms and outcomesOslo I and Oslo II core provisionsPalestinian Authority and limited self-ruleIsraeli and Palestinian public reactionsAssassinations, spoilers, and breakdownsLesson 7Late 19th-century Zionism: key thinkers, movements, and the First AliyahWe follow late 19th-century Zionism under Ottoman rule, pointing out main thinkers, idea flows, and early groups, and look at the First Aliyah's people numbers, settlement ways, ties with local folks, and long-term political meaning.
European antisemitism and Jewish nationalismHerzl, Ahad Ha’am, and rival visionsReligious, labor, and revisionist currentsFirst Aliyah demographics and originsAgricultural colonies and land purchaseRelations with Arab communities and elitesLesson 81973 Yom Kippur War and its political/economic aftermathHere we study the surprise 1973 Yom Kippur War, battle moves, big power roles, and how the war's shock changed Israeli politics, economy, army-civil ties, and opened ways to pull back and peace talks.
Intelligence failures and warning signsEgyptian and Syrian attack plansU.S. and Soviet roles in the warDomestic shock and the Agranat CommissionEconomic crisis and oil embargo effectsFrom war to disengagement and peace talksLesson 9Intifadas (First and Second) and their effects on security policy and politicsThis part looks at the First and Second Intifadas, their starts from takeover and anger, ways used by both sides, and how these uprisings changed Israeli safety policy, public views, Palestinian politics, and the wider peace way.
Roots of the First Intifada in daily lifeGrassroots organization and civil resistanceOslo process and Intifada outcomesSecond Intifada triggers and escalationSuicide bombings and countermeasuresSecurity barrier and policy reorientationLesson 10UN Partition and 1948 War: creation of the state and demographic/political consequencesWe study the 1947 UN Partition Plan, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and how becoming a state, battle results, and people moves shaped Israel's borders, people balance, Palestinian refugees, and the new state's political groups.
UNSCOP recommendations and partition mapJewish and Arab responses to the planCivil war phase before May 1948Declaration of Independence and diplomacyMilitary campaigns and armistice linesNakba, refugees, and demographic shifts
