Lesson 1Principles of balanced anesthesia and multimodal analgesia for dogs and catsDis part outline principles of balanced anesthesia and multi-way pain relief, mixing calm drugs, opioids, local blocks, and extras to cut inhalant needs, improve steadiness, and boost comfort in dog and cat neuter patients.
Concept of balanced anesthesia in neuteringDesigning multimodal analgesia plansReducing inhalant MAC with adjunct drugsCombining systemic and local techniquesProtocol examples for dogs and catsEvaluating depth versus analgesia adequacyLesson 2Analgesic dosing in dogs versus cats and timing for pre-emptive analgesiaDis part compare pain relief dosing and timing in dogs and cats, stressing species differences, before-time giving, re-dose times, and mixing with local blocks to keep good around-surgery pain control for neuter operations.
Species differences in opioid dosingNSAID selection and dose adjustmentsTiming of pre-emptive analgesic administrationRedosing intervals and duration of effectCombining systemic drugs with local blocksAvoiding overdose and drug stacking errorsLesson 3Perioperative analgesia: opioids, NSAIDs, local blocks (e.g., intratesticular, spermatic cord, line blocks), and adjunctsDis part focus on around-surgery pain relief for neutering, covering opioid and NSAID use, local numb techniques like intratesticular and line blocks, plus extras like ketamine and lidocaine drips to get multi-way pain control.
Opioid choices for intraoperative analgesiaNSAID timing, selection, and safety checksIntratesticular and spermatic cord blocksLine blocks for ovariohysterectomy incisionsAdjunct infusions: ketamine and lidocaineMonitoring for local anesthetic toxicityLesson 4Recovery and post-anesthetic monitoring: criteria for extubation, pain scoring, and when to escalate careDis part explain safe recovery ways after neutering, including tube removal criteria, pain scoring systems, body heat control, and when to step up care or re-numb, to make smooth change from anesthesia to full walking.
Extubation criteria and airway protectionPositioning, thermoregulation, and nursing careUse of pain scales in dogs and catsRecognizing dysphoria versus true painWhen to escalate monitoring or re-anesthetizeDischarge criteria and client instructionsLesson 5Managing anesthesia-related complications: hypotension, hypoventilation, bradycardia, arrhythmias, hypothermiaDis part address finding and handling common anesthesia problems in neutering, including low blood pressure, low breathing, slow heart, irregular beats, and low body heat, with step-by-step fixes and criteria for stopping di procedure.
Identifying and treating hypotensionApproach to hypoventilation and apneaBradycardia: when to treat and howRecognition and response to arrhythmiasPrevention and treatment of hypothermiaWhen to pause or abort the procedureLesson 6Monitoring during anesthesia: parameters (HR, RR, SpO2, EtCO2, blood pressure, temperature), equipment and interpretationDis part cover inside-operation monitoring for neutering, including heart rate, breathing rate, SpO2, EtCO2, blood pressure, and body heat, with guide on equipment setup, fixing problems, and reading to find early anesthesia issues.
ECG and heart rate monitoring basicsRespiratory rate, capnography, and EtCO2Pulse oximetry setup and artifact handlingNoninvasive and invasive blood pressureTemperature monitoring and active warmingRecording trends and responding to changesLesson 7Induction agents: propofol, alfaxalone, ketamine combinations—indications and dosing examplesDis part detail induction drug choices for neutering, including propofol, alfaxalone, and ketamine mixes, with reasons, no-go cases, dose examples, slow giving techniques, and changes for weak or small young patients.
Propofol dosing and titration to effectAlfaxalone protocols in dogs and catsKetamine-benzodiazepine combinationsInduction in pediatric and geriatric patientsManaging hypotension during inductionIV access, preoxygenation, and airway controlLesson 8Maintenance strategies: inhalant anesthesia (isoflurane/sevoflurane) vs TIVA—settings and practical considerationsDis part compare inhalant keeping with isoflurane or sevoflurane to full IV anesthesia, talking vaporizer settings, drip protocols, equipment needs, and practical choices for neutering in different clinic places.
Setting and adjusting vaporizer concentrationsCircuit choice and fresh gas flow ratesTIVA protocols and infusion calculationsTransitioning between TIVA and inhalantsManaging depth changes during surgeryEquipment checks and oxygen supply planningLesson 9Premedication options: sedatives, analgesics, anticholinergics—drug choices, routes, and dose rangesDis part review pre-med planning for neutering, covering calm drugs, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, anticholinergics, and extras, with stress on drug choice, ways, dose ranges, and fitting protocols to patient state and procedure length.
Choosing sedatives by temperament and healthOpioid selection and dose rangesAlpha-2 agonists: pros, cons, and reversalsAnticholinergic indications and contraindicationsIM, IV, SC, and oral premedication routesAdjusting doses for age and ASA status
