Lesson 1Placenta: position, shape, and grading; cord attachment checkExplains how to spot placental location, grade, and shape, know previa and accreta signs, and check cord attachment, including edge, velamentous, and vasa previa types that change pregnancy care.
Finding front, back, or top placentaLow-lying placenta and previa rulesPlacental lakes, thickness, and texture shiftsGrannum grading and its clinic use limitsCord attachment: middle, edge, velamentousChecking for vasa previa with colour DopplerLesson 2Limits of ultrasound at 21 weeks and when to suggest specialist referralLooks at tech and body limits of 21-week ultrasound, like mother's build, baby position, and machine issues, and sets when poor views or odd signs need specialist referral or repeat scans in local clinics.
Effect of mother's BMI, scars, and fibroidsBaby position, movement, and shadow problemsMachine sharpness and operator skill needsWhen bad views call for repeat scansRules for specialist anomaly or heart referralTelling limits clearly to doctorsLesson 3Restating clinic question and ultrasound part in mid-trimester painFocuses on making clear the clinic question for women with mid-trimester pain, setting ultrasound's job in ruling out pregnancy emergencies, checking cervix, placenta, membranes, and side parts, and knowing when signs need quick action.
Making clear pain start, pattern, and other signsChecking baby well-being in mother's painLooking at placenta, membranes, and behind-placenta areaTransvaginal cervix length and funnel signsSide, womb, and urine path checksDanger signs needing quick pregnancy reviewLesson 4Probe choice, patient position and scan planes for body and measurementsCovers best probe types, frequency pick, patient position for ease and clear pictures, and usual long, cross, and slant planes for steady body and measurement checks at 21 weeks in Sierra Leone practice.
Curved probe choice and settingsMother position and tilt for safetyCross and side womb survey planesUsual planes for head and brain measurementsUsual planes for belly and thigh bone measurementsBest depth, focus, and gain controlsLesson 5Amniotic fluid check: AFI and deepest pocket method and meaningExplains ways to check amniotic fluid with AFI and deepest pocket, including how to measure, normal amounts at 21 weeks, and spotting low or high fluid with clinic effects in local contexts.
Area split and AFI measure stepsDeepest pocket method and boundsNormal fluid levels for mid-pregnancyLow fluid limits and effectsHigh fluid limits and effectsCommon measure errors and fixesLesson 6Report format for mid-trimester body scan and key words to useDescribes a proper mid-trimester report, with must-have parts, usual words, and suggested terms for normal and odd findings, making sure it's clear, legally sound, and easy to compare with later scans.
Must report parts and orderUsual words for normal baby bodyDescribing soft signs and small changesClear words for suspected big issuesRecording measures and chart refsSuggestions, follow-up, and note textLesson 7Reasons and key mother/baby history to gatherOutlines main mother and baby reasons for 21-week scan, including routine checks and high-risk cases, and lists needed history, meds, and past images to get before scanning in Sierra Leone.
Routine check vs high-risk reasonsMother health, surgery, and pregnancy historyCurrent pregnancy issues and medsHelped pregnancy and twinsPast ultrasound, checks, and lab resultsFamily history of issues or gene problemsLesson 8Baby position and lie, basic baby Doppler targets (umbilical artery) and when to useExplains checking baby lie, position, and placenta link, and starts basic umbilical artery Doppler reasons, method, measures, and meaning, including when Doppler helps at 21 weeks.
Finding lie, position, and sideLink of front part to placentaUmbilical artery Doppler reasons at 21 weeksSample method and angle bestPeak/low ratio, PI, and RI basicsOdd waves and follow-up planLesson 9Key guide refs for pregnancy dating and issue screening (how to find)Guides to main world and local guides on dating and issue screening, explaining how to find, read, and use tips, including measure standards, time slots, and record needs.
Main groups: ISUOG, ACOG, SMFM, RCOGFinding online guide books and appsKey dating tips and CRL to measuresUsual issue screening lists and timesUsing guide charts and z-score toolsRecording guide standard followLesson 10Detailed baby body survey: organs and parts to check at 18–22 weeksDetails steady baby body check at 18–22 weeks, covering brain, face, spine, chest, heart, belly, kidneys, limbs, and private parts, with main normal marks and common body issues to spot and record.
Head vault, middle, and back fossa viewsFace shape, eyes, lips, and roof checksNeck, chest, low back, and tail bone viewsFour-room heart and out-flow viewsBelly wall, stomach, gut, and kidneysLimbs, hands, feet, and private parts checkLesson 11ALARA rule in pregnancy scanning and safety thoughtsStresses ultrasound safety in pregnancy, detailing ALARA rule, wise use of power and time, knowing TI and MI numbers, and avoiding extra Doppler, especially early and baby brain.
Body effects of check ultrasoundKnowing TI and MI on screenUsing ALARA in usual pregnancy scansLimiting Doppler use and timeSafety in first three months and baby brain scansAdvising patients on ultrasound safetyLesson 12Measurements and dating: head, belly circle, thigh length norms and chartsCovers usual measure parts at 21 weeks, like BPD, HC, AC, and FL, with right planes, calliper place, and use of charts or z-scores for dating, growth check, and size difference spot.
BPD and HC planes and calliper placeBelly circle plane and trapsThigh length method and false signsPicking right ref chartsUsing percents and z-scores for datingMeaning small or big for pregnancy age
