Lesson 1Short-term physiological effects: central nervous system, motor function, sleep, and acute intoxicationDis lesson cover quick effects of alcohol on brain, behavior, and body. E look at how dose dey cause CNS depression, motor and thinking problems, sleep disturbance, acute intoxication, and factors wey change short-term responses.
Dose-response and blood alcohol levelsCNS depression and neurochemical changesMotor incoordination and reaction timeEffects on sleep architecture and qualityClinical features of acute intoxicationRisk factors for accidents and injuriesLesson 2Long-term effects on mental health: depression, anxiety, suicidality, and interaction with psychiatric medicationsE explore how long alcohol use dey affect mental health, causing depression, anxiety, suicide thoughts, and relapse. E cover two-way relationships, diagnosis challenges, and how e dey interact with psychiatric drugs and treatments.
Alcohol and depressive disordersAnxiety, panic, and alcohol useSuicidal ideation and attempt riskDiagnostic overlap and masking effectsInteractions with antidepressants and mood stabilizersIntegrated treatment and relapse preventionLesson 3Long-term organ-specific effects: brain (cognitive impairment, Wernicke-Korsakoff), neuroadaptation and dependenceDis focus on long alcohol effects on brain, like thinking decline, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and body changes. E explain neuroadaptation, tolerance, dependence, and link to clinical check and prevention.
Cognitive impairment and dementia riskThiamine deficiency and Wernicke-KorsakoffStructural and functional brain changesMechanisms of tolerance and sensitizationNeural circuits of dependence and cravingScreening and neurocognitive assessmentLesson 4Metabolism and elimination: alcohol dehydrogenase, CYP2E1, acetaldehyde, first-pass metabolism, elimination kineticsE detail enzyme paths wey clear ethanol, like alcohol dehydrogenase, CYP2E1, catalase. E explain acetaldehyde toxicity, first-pass metabolism, zero-order kinetics, genetic types, and how sickness and drugs change clearance.
Alcohol dehydrogenase pathwaysCYP2E1 induction and toxic byproductsAcetaldehyde formation and detoxificationFirst-pass metabolism and gut-liver axisZero-order kinetics and clinical implicationsGenetic polymorphisms affecting metabolismLesson 5Distribution of alcohol: blood alcohol concentration, body water, sex and age differencesE explain how ethanol dey spread in body water, how blood alcohol level dey determine, and how sex, age, body build, pregnancy dey affect levels. E introduce Widmark ideas and meaning for testing and dosing.
Volume of distribution and body waterWidmark formula and BAC estimationSex differences in BAC and effectsAge-related pharmacokinetic changesImpact of obesity and body compositionPregnancy and lactation considerationsLesson 6Interactions with common comorbidities and medications (antihypertensives, diabetes medications, psychotropics)E review how alcohol dey interact with common long sickness and drugs, like blood pressure meds, diabetes drugs, psychotropics. E discuss pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions and clinical management ways.
Effects on blood pressure and heart drugsInteractions with diabetes medicationsAlcohol and psychotropic drug synergyHepatic metabolism and drug levelsAlcohol in chronic pain and opioidsCounseling patients on safe useLesson 7Ethanol absorption: oral intake, gastric emptying, and factors affecting rateE examine how ethanol dey absorb after mouth intake, including stomach and small intestine parts. E discuss stomach emptying, food effects, drink strength, and other factors wey change absorption rate and peak BAC.
Sites and mechanisms of ethanol absorptionRole of gastric emptying and motilityInfluence of food and meal compositionBeverage concentration and carbonationEffects of GI disease and surgeryPractical ways to slow absorptionLesson 8Alcohol withdrawal physiology and risk factors for severe withdrawal (delirium tremens, seizures)E describe neurobiology of alcohol withdrawal, from small symptoms to delirium tremens and seizures. E review receptor changes, body overactivity, risk factors for bad withdrawal, and clinical risk grouping principles.
Neuroadaptation of GABA and glutamateAutonomic hyperactivity mechanismsClinical spectrum of withdrawal signsPathophysiology of seizures and DTsRisk factors for complicated withdrawalAssessment tools and risk stratificationLesson 9Long-term organ-specific effects: liver (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis) and pathophysiologyE explore how long alcohol use dey damage liver, from fat change to hepatitis and cirrhosis. E review cell mechanisms, fibrosis paths, clinical signs, and how dose, use pattern, comorbidities shape sickness risk.
Progression from steatosis to cirrhosisHepatocellular injury and oxidative stressInflammation, fibrosis, and stellate cellsClinical features and diagnostic evaluationImpact of nutrition, obesity, and viral hepatitisLesson 10Long-term organ-specific effects: cardiovascular system (hypertension, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia)E analyze long cardiovascular effects of alcohol, like high blood pressure, heart muscle disease, irregular heartbeat. E review dose-response data, injury mechanisms, clinical shows, and meaning for risk counseling.
Blood pressure changes and mechanismsAlcoholic cardiomyopathy pathophysiologyArrhythmias, including atrial fibrillationInteractions with cardiovascular drugsReversibility with abstinence or reductionRisk communication and patient advice
