Lesson 1Mineralogy and rock classifications: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphicDis part go check di mineral make-up and rock types for construction stones, separating di igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic ones, and explain how di minerals and texture dem affect engineering behaviour and how dem go last for use.
Essential rock‑forming minerals in stoneIgneous building stones and usesSedimentary stones: limestones and sandstonesMetamorphic stones: marbles and slatesMineralogy effects on durabilityLesson 2Thermal properties: coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, thermal conductivityDis part go look how stone react to heat changes, covering thermal expansion, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, and yarn how dese affect cracking chance, joint work, insulation, and long-term size stability.
Linear thermal expansion coefficientsThermal conductivity test methodsVolumetric heat capacity of stoneThermal shock and cracking riskDesign of movement joints in stoneLesson 3Aesthetic and finish properties: color stability, polishability, staining tendencyDis part go talk about aesthetic and finish properties of stone, like color holding steady, how e fit polish, and staining likelihood, and explain how minerals, surface treatment, and surroundings affect long-term look and upkeep.
Color measurement and stability testsPolishability and gloss retentionStaining mechanisms and preventionSurface treatments and sealersWeathering of exposed stone facadesLesson 4Durability metrics: freeze–thaw resistance, salt crystallization, chemical weatheringDis part go cover durability signs for stone in tough places, focusing on freeze-thaw cycles, salt building up, and chemical wearing down, and connect lab test results to how long e go last and picking right stone types.
Freeze–thaw cycling test proceduresSalt crystallization damage mechanismsChemical weathering and dissolutionDurability classification of stone typesService life prediction for claddingLesson 5Hydraulic properties: water absorption, capillarity, permeabilityDis part go break down hydraulic properties of stone, like water soaking in, capillary pull, and permeability, and explain how water moving affect freeze-thaw damage, salt attack, growing things, and how protective treatments work.
Water absorption test standardsCapillary rise and suction curvesIntrinsic permeability of stoneMoisture effects on strength and decayWater‑repellent treatments and limitsLesson 6Mechanical properties: compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticityDis part go show key mechanical properties of stone, like compressive and tensile strength plus modulus of elasticity, and discuss test ways, size effects, direction differences, and how to use dese for structure design and safety.
Uniaxial compressive strength testsIndirect tensile and flexural testsStatic and dynamic elastic modulusSize, defects, and scale effectsDesign values and safety factorsLesson 7Wear properties: abrasion resistance, impact resistance, Mohs hardnessDis part go detail wear properties of stone, including abrasion resistance, impact resistance, and hardness, and explain how dese guide picking material for roads, stairs, floors, and other busy or stressed places.
Böhme and Taber abrasion testsImpact resistance and drop testsMohs hardness and scratch testingSlip resistance versus surface wearSpecification for heavy‑traffic pavementsLesson 8Physical properties: specific gravity, bulk density, porosityDis part go introduce basic physical properties of stone, like specific gravity, bulk density, and porosity, and explain how to measure dem, how dem connect, and how dem affect strength, heat behaviour, water movement, and handling.
Specific gravity and relative densityBulk density and unit weightTotal and effective porosityLinks between density and strengthSampling and laboratory proceduresLesson 9Surface and microstructure: grain size, porosity distribution, microcracksDis part go explore stone surface and inside structure, like grain size, porosity spread, and tiny cracks, and show how rock features control strength, lasting power, direction effects, and look under different loads and weather.
Grain size and fabric characterizationOpen versus closed porosity in stoneDetection of microcracks and flawsAnisotropy from bedding and foliationMicrostructure–property correlations
