Lesson 1Principles of Balanced Anaesthesia and Multimodal Analgesia for Dogs and CatsThis lesson explains balanced anaesthesia and multi-modal pain relief basics, combining sedatives, opioids, local blocks, and extras to cut inhalant use, boost stability, and improve comfort in dog and cat neuters.
Concept of balanced anesthesia in neuteringDesigning multimodal analgesia plansReducing inhalant MAC with adjunct drugsCombining systemic and local techniquesProtocol examples for dogs and catsEvaluating depth versus analgesia adequacyLesson 2Analgesic Dosing in Dogs versus Cats and Timing for Pre-emptive AnalgesiaThis lesson compares painkiller doses and timing for dogs and cats, noting species differences, early dosing, repeat intervals, and pairing with local blocks for good pain control during neuter surgeries.
Species differences in opioid dosingNSAID selection and dose adjustmentsTiming of pre-emptive analgesic administrationRedosing intervals and duration of effectCombining systemic drugs with local blocksAvoiding overdose and drug stacking errorsLesson 3Perioperative Analgesia: Opioids, NSAIDs, Local Blocks (e.g., Intratesticular, Spermatic Cord, Line Blocks), and AdjunctsThis lesson covers pain management around neutering, including opioids, NSAIDs, local techniques like intratesticular blocks, plus extras such as ketamine infusions for effective multi-modal control.
Opioid choices for intraoperative analgesiaNSAID timing, selection, and safety checksIntratesticular and spermatic cord blocksLine blocks for ovariohysterectomy incisionsAdjunct infusions: ketamine and lidocaineMonitoring for local anesthetic toxicityLesson 4Recovery and Post-Anaesthetic Monitoring: Criteria for Extubation, Pain Scoring, and When to Escalate CareThis lesson describes safe recovery after neutering, with extubation rules, pain scoring, temperature control, and signs to step up care or re-anaesthetise for smooth return to walking.
Extubation criteria and airway protectionPositioning, thermoregulation, and nursing careUse of pain scales in dogs and catsRecognizing dysphoria versus true painWhen to escalate monitoring or re-anesthetizeDischarge criteria and client instructionsLesson 5Managing Anaesthesia-Related Complications: Hypotension, Hypoventilation, Bradycardia, Arrhythmias, HypothermiaThis lesson tackles spotting and handling common anaesthesia issues in neutering, like low blood pressure, poor breathing, slow heart rate, irregular beats, and low temperature, with step-by-step fixes and stop criteria.
Identifying and treating hypotensionApproach to hypoventilation and apneaBradycardia: when to treat and howRecognition and response to arrhythmiasPrevention and treatment of hypothermiaWhen to pause or abort the procedureLesson 6Monitoring during Anaesthesia: Parameters (HR, RR, SpO2, EtCO2, Blood Pressure, Temperature), Equipment and InterpretationThis lesson reviews monitoring during neutering anaesthesia, covering heart rate, breathing rate, oxygen levels, CO2, blood pressure, temperature, with setup tips, fixes, and reading to catch early problems.
ECG and heart rate monitoring basicsRespiratory rate, capnography, and EtCO2Pulse oximetry setup and artifact handlingNoninvasive and invasive blood pressureTemperature monitoring and active warmingRecording trends and responding to changesLesson 7Induction Agents: Propofol, Alfaxalone, Ketamine Combinations—Indications and Dosing ExamplesThis lesson details induction drugs for neutering like propofol, alfaxalone, ketamine mixes, with uses, warnings, dose samples, titration, and tweaks for weak or young patients.
Propofol dosing and titration to effectAlfaxalone protocols in dogs and catsKetamine-benzodiazepine combinationsInduction in pediatric and geriatric patientsManaging hypotension during inductionIV access, preoxygenation, and airway controlLesson 8Maintenance Strategies: Inhalant Anaesthesia (Isoflurane/Sevoflurane) vs TIVA—Settings and Practical ConsiderationsThis lesson compares gas maintenance with isoflurane or sevoflurane to IV-only anaesthesia, discussing settings, infusions, gear needs, and choices for neutering in different clinic setups.
Setting and adjusting vaporizer concentrationsCircuit choice and fresh gas flow ratesTIVA protocols and infusion calculationsTransitioning between TIVA and inhalantsManaging depth changes during surgeryEquipment checks and oxygen supply planningLesson 9Premedication Options: Sedatives, Analgesics, Anticholinergics—Drug Choices, Routes, and Dose RangesThis lesson examines premeds for neutering, including sedatives, painkillers, alpha-2 drugs, anticholinergics, with picks, routes, dose ranges, and customising for patient and procedure.
Choosing sedatives by temperament and healthOpioid selection and dose rangesAlpha-2 agonists: pros, cons, and reversalsAnticholinergic indications and contraindicationsIM, IV, SC, and oral premedication routesAdjusting doses for age and ASA status
