Lesson 1Integration of reversible causes (Hs and Ts) into resuscitation and targeted diagnosticsThis part stresses spotting and treating fixable causes of arrest via the Hs and Ts method, combining on-site tests, focused treatments, and ongoing checks to fix root issues and enhance revival success.
Systematic review of Hs and Ts causesBedside clues to hypoxia and hypovolemiaRecognizing acidosis, hypo/hyperkalemiaIdentifying tension pneumothorax and tamponadeSuspecting toxins, thrombosis, and traumaUsing ultrasound and labs to guide treatmentLesson 2Defibrillation protocols: PAD, immediate analysis, shock intervals, energy settingsThis part covers safe and effective defibrillation, including public access defibrillator use, quick rhythm checks, deciding on shockable vs non-shockable rhythms, energy choices for single-phase and dual-phase machines, shock timing, and reducing pauses before and after shocks.
Indications for defibrillation in cardiac arrestPAD setup, pad placement, and safety checksImmediate rhythm analysis and shock decisionsEnergy settings for biphasic and monophasicCoordinating shocks with ongoing compressionsPost-shock rhythm reassessment and actionsLesson 3Vascular access and medication delivery: IV/IO placement, drug selection, dosing, timing for epinephrine, amiodarone/lidocaineThis part explains setting up IV or intraosseous access in arrest situations, picking suitable spots and tools, choosing and measuring revival drugs, timing epinephrine and anti-arrhythmics, and ensuring safe, precise drug delivery and records.
Choosing IV versus IO access during arrestIV and IO insertion sites and techniquesEpinephrine dosing and timing by rhythmAmiodarone and lidocaine indicationsFlushing, infusion, and line patency checksMedication tracking and double-check systemsLesson 4Immediate scene management and 60-second primary actions (scene safety, call for help, BLS chain activation)This part details the first 60 seconds on scene, focusing on responder safety, fast cardiac arrest detection, starting basic life support, early ambulance call, and instant life-saving steps to avoid delays in CPR and defibrillation.
Scene safety and personal protective equipmentRapid assessment of responsiveness and breathingActivating EMS and BLS response systemsPositioning patient and preparing for CPRCoordinating bystanders during first minuteLesson 5High-performance BLS: compression rate, depth, hand placement, minimizing interruptionsThis part concentrates on top-quality basic life support, covering right compression speed, depth, recoil, and hand position, cutting pauses, adding breaths, switching compressors, and using feedback tools to improve blood flow in arrest.
Optimal compression rate and depth targetsCorrect hand placement and body mechanicsEnsuring full chest recoil and avoiding leaningMinimizing pauses and managing rhythm checksCoordinating compressions with ventilationsUsing CPR feedback devices and metronomesLesson 6Cardiac rhythm recognition and algorithm application: VF/VT, PEA, asystole decision pathwaysThis part teaches spotting main arrest rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity, and asystole, and using advanced cardiac life support algorithms, blending rhythm checks, shock choices, drug timing, and constant re-evaluation in a planned way.
ECG features of VF and pulseless VTIdentifying PEA and true asystoleShockable versus nonshockable pathwaysTiming rhythm checks with compressionsIntegrating drugs into rhythm algorithmsCommon rhythm interpretation pitfallsLesson 7Advanced airway management in ALS: indications, sequence (OPA/NPA, SAD, endotracheal intubation), confirmation and continuous waveform capnographyThis part discusses advanced airway options in advanced life support, including when to use, step-by-step oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airways, supraglottic devices, endotracheal tube insertion method, verification with ongoing waveform capnography, and fixing airway problems.
Selecting basic versus advanced airway devicesOPA and NPA sizing, insertion, and pitfallsSupraglottic airway placement and fixationEndotracheal intubation steps and safetyWaveform capnography for tube confirmationManaging airway obstruction and dislodgementLesson 8Termination of resuscitation: criteria, documentation, family communication, and safe handover to emergency departmentThis part clarifies when and how to end resuscitation, covering medical and legal standards, organised records, caring family talks, and secure, team-based transfer to emergency department or other care teams.
Field and in-hospital termination criteriaAssessing futility and likelihood of survivalRequired medical and legal documentationCommunicating death and prognosis to familiesCoordinating handover with emergency departmentLesson 9Team roles, closed-loop communication, leadership during resuscitation, task allocation and timingThis part builds strong resuscitation teams, stressing clear role assignments, closed-loop talks, leadership under pressure, task order, timing of key actions, and reviews to enhance performance and patient results.
Assigning clear roles before and during arrestPrinciples of closed-loop communicationLeadership behaviors under high stressCoordinating tasks and intervention timingManaging conflicts and cognitive overloadStructured post-event debriefing methods
