Lesson 1Axillary nerve anatomy: root levels, course through quadrangular space, sensory territory over lateral shoulder (regimental badge)Details axillary nerve root origins, course through the quadrangular space, and relationships to the surgical neck and deltoid, then links these to its motor branches and sensory field over the lateral shoulder for clinical localization.
C5–C6 roots and posterior cord contributionsBoundaries of the quadrangular space in the axillaRelationship to surgical neck and humeral headMotor branches to deltoid and teres minorLateral shoulder cutaneous field and variantsLesson 2Peripheral nerve testing and focused sensory mapping: how to localize axillary nerve injury using dermatomes and motor testsExplains how to localize axillary nerve injury using focused motor testing and sensory mapping, integrating dermatomes, peripheral nerve fields, and comparison with neighboring nerves to distinguish root from terminal branch lesions.
Dermatomes versus peripheral cutaneous fieldsMotor testing of deltoid and teres minor strengthPinprick and light touch over regimental badgeDifferentiating axillary from C5 radiculopathyComparing axillary with radial and suprascapularLesson 3Gross anatomy of the shoulder girdle: clavicle, scapula, proximal humerus and important articular surfacesReviews clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus anatomy, emphasizing articular surfaces, fossae, and bony contours that define the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, guiding palpation, imaging interpretation, and injury assessment.
Clavicle curvatures, ligaments, and muscle attachmentsScapular borders, angles, and fossae orientationGlenoid cavity, labrum attachment, and versionProximal humerus head, tubercles, and surgical neckAcromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint surfacesLesson 4Imaging selection and interpretation for shoulder trauma: plain radiographs (AP, scapular Y, axillary), when to use CT and MRI based on anatomical questionsCovers selection and interpretation of shoulder trauma imaging, including standard radiographic views, indications for CT and MRI, and key anatomical landmarks that reveal dislocation, fracture lines, and soft tissue injury on each modality.
AP, scapular Y, and axillary radiographic viewsRadiographic signs of dislocation and subtle fractureWhen CT is preferred for complex fracture patternsWhen MRI is preferred for cuff and labral injuryRecognizing Hill‑Sachs and Bankart on imagingLesson 5Suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerve relations: brief review of sensory/somatic overlap around shoulderSummarizes suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerve anatomy around the shoulder, highlighting motor branches, sensory overlap, and common entrapment sites to distinguish their deficits from isolated axillary nerve injury.
Suprascapular nerve course and notch anatomyInnervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatusMusculocutaneous nerve path through coracobrachialisLateral antebrachial cutaneous sensory fieldPatterns distinguishing these from axillary lesionsLesson 6Deltoid, rotator cuff, and axillary muscles: origins, insertions, actions, and relation to abduction/rotationDetails origins, insertions, innervation, and actions of the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles, emphasizing their roles in abduction, rotation, and humeral centering, and how injury patterns produce characteristic weakness profiles.
Deltoid heads, attachments, and abduction arcSupraspinatus origin, tendon path, and functionInfraspinatus and teres minor external rotation rolesSubscapularis internal rotation and anterior restraintMuscle injury patterns and clinical strength testingLesson 7Surface landmarks for shoulder exam and procedures: acromion, coracoid, deltoid tuberosity, quadrangular space identificationIdentifies key palpable landmarks used in examination and procedures, including acromion, coracoid, deltoid tuberosity, and quadrangular space, and explains how to use them to guide injections, reductions, and safe instrument placement.
Palpating acromion, spine, and acromial angleLocating the coracoid and coracoacromial archIdentifying deltoid tuberosity and humeral shaftTriangulating the quadrangular space on surfaceLandmarks for glenohumeral joint injectionLesson 8Common shoulder dislocations and fractures: anterior vs posterior dislocation signs, latissimus of flattening, Hill-Sachs and Bankart lesions anatomyExplores mechanisms and imaging features of anterior and posterior dislocations, associated fractures, and classic lesions such as Hill‑Sachs and Bankart, relating bony and soft tissue damage to instability patterns and neurovascular risk.
Mechanisms of anterior versus posterior dislocationClinical signs and contour changes of dislocated shoulderHill‑Sachs lesion location and biomechanical impactBankart lesion anatomy and labral detachmentFractures of surgical neck, tuberosities, and glenoidNeurovascular complications in shoulder dislocationLesson 9Glenohumeral joint biomechanics: stability mechanisms, capsulolabral complex, rotator cuff functionAnalyzes static and dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint, including capsule, labrum, ligaments, and rotator cuff, and explains how their coordinated function preserves motion while preventing translation and recurrent instability.
Glenoid version, depth, and concavity compressionCapsular ligaments and end‑range restraintRotator cuff force couples in elevationScapulohumeral rhythm and scapular stabilizersMechanisms of atraumatic and traumatic instabilityLesson 10Procedure landmarks and technique: reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation—stepwise maneuvers and anatomical rationale (traction-countertraction, scapular manipulation)Outlines stepwise reduction techniques for anterior shoulder dislocation, including traction‑countertraction and scapular manipulation, with anatomical reasoning, precautions for fractures, and strategies to protect the axillary nerve.
Pre‑reduction assessment and neurovascular checkPrinciples of muscle relaxation and analgesiaTraction‑countertraction setup and executionScapular manipulation technique and landmarksPost‑reduction imaging and stability assessment
