Lesson 1Ongoing shifts since 2010s: settlement expansion, diplomatic realignments, and recent major incidentsThis lesson reviews changes from the 2010s onward, covering settlement development, Gaza conflicts, regional agreements, Palestinian divisions, and evolving international diplomacy, leading to significant escalations and altered perspectives on the dispute.
Settlement legalisation and de facto annexationGaza wars and evolving military doctrinesArab normalisation and the Abraham AccordsIntra-Palestinian political fragmentationU.S. policy shifts across administrationsGlobal public opinion and legal initiativesLesson 2Suez Crisis and 1950s regional dynamics: Arab states and Israeli securityThis lesson dissects the 1956 Suez Crisis, cooperation among Israel, Britain, and France, and responses from the U.S. and Soviet Union, demonstrating its effects on Israeli defence strategies, Arab unity, UN involvement, and Cold War dynamics in the area.
Egyptian nationalism and canal nationalisationTripartite collusion and invasion plansIsraeli campaign in Sinai PeninsulaU.S. and Soviet diplomatic interventionUNEF deployment and Israeli withdrawalImpact on Nasserism and Arab–Israeli rivalryLesson 3Gaza developments since 2005 and periodic escalations: blockade, governance, and conflictThis lesson concentrates on Gaza following Israel's 2005 withdrawal, Hamas's control, the blockade system, and recurring conflicts, evaluating humanitarian situations, administrative issues, mediation efforts, and Gaza's role in broader tensions.
Israeli disengagement and settlement removalHamas electoral victory and takeover of GazaBlockade policies and border controlsRocket fire, airstrikes, and ground incursionsHumanitarian crisis and reconstruction cyclesEgyptian, Qatari, and UN mediation effortsLesson 41967 Six-Day War and its consequences: territories, occupation, and settlementsThis lesson covers the 1967 Six-Day War, swift Israeli successes, and acquisition of the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and Golan Heights, following how occupation, UN Resolution 242, and initial settlements redefined the conflict's landscape and governance.
Regional tensions and pre-war military movesCourse of the war on multiple frontsTerritorial gains and new ceasefire linesUN Resolution 242 and land-for-peace ideaMilitary rule in occupied territoriesOrigins of ideological settlement movementsLesson 5UN Partition Plan and 1947–49 war: outcome, refugees, and state formationThis lesson addresses the 1947 UN Partition Plan, civil strife in Mandatory Palestine, the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, and armistice boundaries, clarifying state establishment, refugee movements, and the rise of contrasting stories of triumph and loss.
UNSCOP proposals and partition map detailsYishuv and Arab leadership responsesCivil war phase in late Mandate periodArab state intervention and major battlesArmistice agreements and Green Line bordersPalestinian refugee crisis and Nakba memoryLesson 6British Mandate period and intercommunal tensions (1918–1947)This lesson examines the British Mandate in Palestine, legal systems, migration rules, and land conflicts, tracing how community clashes, British strategies of division, and unsuccessful partition ideas prepared the ground for subsequent warfare.
League of Nations Mandate and British objectivesBalfour Declaration and legal incorporationJewish immigration waves and land purchasesArab protests, strikes, and rural revoltsBritish policing and emergency regulationsPeel Commission and partition proposalsLesson 7Zionist congresses and early settlement (1897–1918): aims and international receptionThis lesson reviews early Zionist efforts from the First Zionist Congress to World War I, emphasising ideological discussions, settlement plans, diplomacy with major powers, and reactions from local Arab populations to these developments.
Herzl, Basel Program, and Zionist institutionsPolitical versus practical Zionism debatesEarly agricultural colonies and land fundsRelations with Ottoman authorities and elitesArab press reactions and local oppositionWorld War I diplomacy and the Balfour pledgeLesson 81978–79 Camp David and Egypt–Israel peace: diplomacy and regional impactThis lesson investigates the Camp David Accords, Egypt's independent peace with Israel, and U.S. facilitation, assessing how the agreement altered regional partnerships, Palestinian strategies, military equilibria, and Arab attitudes toward Israel.
Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem and diplomatic openingCamp David negotiations and U.S. mediationTerms of the Egypt–Israel peace treatySinai withdrawal and security arrangementsRegional Arab reaction and Egypt’s isolationImpact on Palestinian representation and strategyLesson 9First and Second Intifadas: popular uprising, tactics, and political effects (1987–1993; 2000–2005)This lesson follows the First and Second Intifadas, contrasting community mobilisation, methods, and guidance, and assessing how each revolt transformed Israeli and Palestinian governance, security measures, and global involvement in the issue.
Origins and organisation of the First IntifadaPopular committees, strikes, and boycottsOslo process emerging from the First IntifadaTrigger events of the Second IntifadaSuicide bombings and Israeli military responsePolitical fallout for Israeli and Palestinian leadersLesson 10Oslo process and its limits: agreements, institutions, and failuresThis lesson evaluates the Oslo structure, its step-by-step method, and emerging bodies, underscoring main pacts, security partnerships, settlement growth, and reasons for stagnation, with unresolved core matters lingering.
Oslo I, Oslo II, and Declaration of PrinciplesCreation and powers of the Palestinian AuthoritySecurity coordination and policing arrangementsSettlement expansion during the Oslo yearsAssassinations, bombings, and mutual distrustCamp David 2000 and collapse of final talks
