Lesson 1Thermal management strategies: passive air, forced-air, liquid cooling, and PCM options for urban duty cyclesThis part reviews heat control choices for city EV packs, like passive and forced air, liquid cooling, and phase materials, and how driving patterns, weather, and quick charging shape the heat system design for Namibian conditions.
Thermal limits for safety and aging controlPassive and forced-air cooling architecturesLiquid cooling plates and manifoldsPhase change materials for peak shavingControl strategies for urban drive cyclesLesson 2Nominal pack voltage selection and implications for inverter/motor design and charging powerThis part explains choosing pack voltage, its effects on inverter and motor setup, current flows, cable sizes, and DC fast charging power, plus insulation, safety gaps, and standards for city EVs in Namibia.
Voltage ranges used in modern city EVsImpact of voltage on inverter and motor designCurrent, conductor sizing, and lossesCharging power, connectors, and standardsInsulation, creepage, and clearance rulesLesson 3End-of-life and second-life strategies: reuse for stationary storage, recycling pathways and design-for-recycling principlesThis part looks at end-life paths for EV packs, like health checks for reuse, turning into fixed storage, recycling key materials, and designs that cut costs and eco harm in Namibian settings.
State-of-health thresholds for second-life useStationary storage applications for used packsMechanical and electrical repurposing stepsRecycling processes for Li, Ni, Co, and CuDesign-for-disassembly and labeling practicesLesson 4Selecting cell chemistry for city EVs: LFP, NMC variants, pros/cons (energy density, safety, cycle life, supply chain)This part compares LFP and NMC for city EVs, on energy/power density, safety, cycle/calendar life, material supply risks, cost changes, and how driving and weather pick the best type for Namibia.
Key performance metrics for EV cell chemistriesLFP characteristics for urban duty cyclesNMC variants and performance trade-offsSafety and abuse tolerance of LFP vs NMCSupply chain, cost, and regional availabilityLesson 5Lifetime and cycle-life modelling: calendar vs cycle aging, depth-of-discharge policies, warranty framingThis part covers life and cycle modeling, separating calendar and cycle wear, depth of discharge and temp roles, and turning models into warranties, upkeep plans, and value estimates for city EV fleets in Namibia.
Calendar aging mechanisms and modelsCycle aging vs depth-of-discharge effectsTemperature influence on degradation ratesSimple lifetime prediction workflowsWarranty, residual value, and fleet planningLesson 6Battery capacity sizing: methods to choose pack kWh for target range and reserve factorThis part details ways to size battery capacity using drive energy models, efficiency guesses, reserve factors, and wear allowances, to hit range goals while balancing cost, weight, charge time, and fleet use in Namibia.
Drive cycle energy consumption modelingUsable vs nominal capacity definitionsReserve factors and degradation marginsImpact of capacity on cost and massSizing for fleets and shared mobilityLesson 7Battery pack mass estimation: energy density-based calculations and vehicle-level impact on rangeThis part gives methods to estimate pack weight from cell and pack energy density, with structure and cooling extras, and checks how battery weight affects range, performance, load, and weight rules for city EVs in Namibia.
Gravimetric and volumetric energy densityBottom-up pack mass calculation stepsAccounting for structure and cooling hardwareEffect of pack mass on range and efficiencyPayload, axle load, and class limitsLesson 8Cell format and mechanical layout: pouch, prismatic, cylindrical trade-offs for manufacturability and repairabilityThis part analyzes pouch, prismatic, cylindrical cells, comparing pack efficiency, cooling, structure fit, making ease, and fixability, and how layouts affect cost, safety, and service in Namibian EVs.
Characteristics of pouch, prismatic, cylindricalModule architectures and busbar conceptsMechanical fixation and vibration robustnessCooling plate and airflow path integrationServiceability and field repair strategiesLesson 9Battery management system (BMS) essentials: state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), cell balancing, safety cutoffsThis part introduces BMS roles, like SoC and SoH estimates, cell voltage/temp checks, balancing ways, safety stops, and vehicle links, stressing reliability and safety for city EVs in Namibia.
Core BMS hardware and sensing elementsSoC estimation algorithms and errorsSoH tracking and aging indicatorsPassive vs active cell balancing methodsFault detection, limits, and shutdown logic
