Lesson 1Geomorphological hazards: flooding in lowlands, unstable slopes, gully cutting, and types of mass movementsThis part looks at geomorphological risks like floods, landslides, gully erosion, and mass movements. Students connect causes, land features, and human activities to mapping risks, assessing dangers, and planning ways to reduce them in Namibian settings.
Zoning floodplains and mapping floodsFactors and signs of slope instabilityStarting gullies and headcut movementTypes of landslides and mass movementsRainfall limits and triggering eventsMapping hazards and planning mitigationLesson 2Relief and slope study: hill shading, slope angle, direction, and effects on erosion and landslidesThis part discusses digital elevation models, hill shading, slope, and direction analysis to understand relief. Students connect land measures to erosion, landslide risks, drainage patterns, and planning infrastructure in different landforms across Namibia.
Sources and quality of height dataHillshade views and reading landformsClasses and mapping of slope anglesDirection patterns and small climate effectsTopographic influences on erosion ratesSlope limits for landslide risksLesson 3River basin shapes and drainage patterns: branching, grid-like, radiating, and old river systemsThis part studies drainage basin shapes, levels, and patterns like branching, grid-like, and radiating systems. Students relate drainage forms to rock types, structures, relief, and long-term landscape changes in Namibian regions.
Watershed edges and stream levelsBranching, grid-like, radiating, and parallel patternsStructural and rock controls on drainageLong profiles and sudden dropsBasin shape, relief, and water responseDrainage changes and river stealingLesson 4Geological mapping and bedrock layers: rock types, layering, structural influences on land shapesThis part introduces mapping bedrock layers, focusing on rock types, layering, and structural features. Students interpret how bends, breaks, and rock strength affect land shapes, drainage, and distribution of resources or hazards in Namibia.
Reading geological maps and keysRock type layers and strength differencesLayering sequences and main contactsBreaks, bends, and crack networksStructural control on hills and valleysConnecting bedrock to resources and hazardsLesson 5River processes: channel changes, sediment movement, deposits, river bending and sudden shiftsThis part covers river processes that shape channels, including water flows, sediment movement, and sandbar formation. Students analyze bending, braiding, sudden shifts, and floodplain building, linking processes to channel patterns and management in Namibian rivers.
Water flow types and channel forcesBed load, floating load, and wash loadChannel patterns: straight, bending, braidedPoint bars, banks, and overflow depositsBending movement and cutoff formationSudden shifts, branching, and channel managementLesson 6Climate effects on water systems: rain patterns, seasonal changes, water loss, and drought measuresThis part explains how air movements, moisture sources, and ground conditions control rain, runoff, water loss, and drought. Students relate climate measures to water patterns and availability in Namibia's varied areas.
World air movements and moisture carryRain seasonal and strength patternsPossible and real water lossSoil moisture balance and runoff responseDrought measures and water shortagesClimate changes and impact effectsLesson 7Practical data sources: national geology surveys, world height models (SRTM, ASTER), geology map stores, and climate data (CRU, CHIRPS)This part shows key free data for physical geography and geology, including height models, geology maps, and climate products. Students assess detail, accuracy, and info, and practice combining sources for regional landscape study in Namibia.
World and area height model productsNational geology survey map sitesOnline geology map storesGridded climate data and measuresData detail, accuracy, and infoCombining multi-source data in GISLesson 8Remote sensing basics for land features: using satellite images to spot landforms, river channels, and plant coverThis part introduces satellite tools, details, and color bands for mapping land features. Students learn to read images for landforms, drainage, plants, and ground moisture, and spot common processing issues and limits in Namibian contexts.
Optical vs radar tools and detailsColor signs of water, soil, and rockSpotting main landforms from imagesMapping river channels and floodplainsPlant indices and cover healthCommon image fixes and issuesLesson 9Surface deposits and soils: river sediments, slope debris, broken bedrock, soil types and fertilityThis part studies surface deposits and soils, including river sediments, slope debris, and broken bedrock. Students relate source material, feel, and build to soil types, fertility, drainage, and land use fit across Namibian landscapes.
River, slope, and leftover materialsWeathering layers and soil formationSoil layers, feel, and buildMain soil type systemsSoil fertility, nutrients, and limitsSoil erosion risk and protection needs
