Lesson 1Doppler Basics: Colour Doppler, Power Doppler, Pulsed-Wave (PW) Doppler, Continuous-Wave (CW) OverviewThis part introduces colour, power, pulsed-wave, and continuous-wave Doppler techniques. Students will go over basic blood flow principles, signal wrapping issues, and suitable uses for each Doppler type in everyday vascular and heart checks.
Doppler effect and flow direction basicsColor Doppler principles and mapsPower Doppler sensitivity and usesPulsed-wave Doppler applicationsContinuous-wave Doppler indicationsLesson 2Harmonics, Compound Imaging, Speckle Reduction: When to Activate and Expected ResultsThis part looks at tissue harmonic imaging, spatial compound imaging, and speckle reduction tools. Students will learn when to turn on each feature, spot the changes in images, and steer clear of over-processed errors.
Tissue harmonic imaging indicationsEffects of harmonics on resolution and noiseSpatial compound imaging benefitsSpeckle reduction filters and limitsBalancing detail with artifact controlLesson 3Machine Controls and Presets: Presets, Depth, Gain, Time-Gain Compensation (TGC), Dynamic Range, Focal ZonesThis part explains main machine controls like presets, depth, general gain, TGC, dynamic range, and focal zones. Students will practise orderly control use to quickly get clear, useful B-mode pictures in different situations.
Selecting and modifying exam presetsDepth and field of view adjustmentsOverall gain versus TGC shapingDynamic range and image contrastFocal zone number and placementSaving user presets and recallLesson 4Frequency Choice and Depth: Selecting MHz for Abdominal, Pelvic, and Vascular ScansThis part discusses picking the right sending frequency for various body areas. Students will connect MHz choices to depth reach, detail sharpness, and patient build for abdominal, pelvic, and vascular ultrasound tests.
Frequency versus penetration principlesChoosing MHz for abdominal imagingFrequency choices for pelvic scanningFrequency ranges for vascular studiesAdjusting for body habitus and depthLesson 5Beamforming and Focus: Setting Focal Zones and Single vs Multiple Foci for Clear ImagesThis part describes beamforming ideas and how focal zones affect side-to-side sharpness. Students will compare one versus several focal zones, grasp frame speed effects, and apply focus positioning for important organs.
Transmit and receive beamforming basicsFocal depth and lateral resolutionSingle versus multiple focal zonesFocus and frame rate trade-offsBest focus placement by anatomyLesson 6Basic Ultrasound Physics: Sound Travel, Frequency, Wavelength, Signal Loss, Sharpness BalancesThis part revisits how sound waves move through body tissue, the link between frequency and wavelength, and how signal loss and sharpness choices impact picture quality. Students will tie physics ideas to routine scanning decisions.
Acoustic wave properties and terminologyFrequency, period, and wavelength relationsPropagation speed in soft tissuesAttenuation, absorption, and scatteringAxial and lateral resolution trade-offsLesson 7Artefacts and Handling Them: Echo Bouncing, Shadowing, Brightening, Mirror Views, Direction Sensitivity and Ways to Lessen or Apply ThemThis part goes over usual ultrasound artefacts like echo bouncing, shadowing, brightening, mirror views, and direction sensitivity. Students will learn to spot, cut down, or purposefully apply artefacts to boost diagnostic trust.
Reverberation and comet-tail artifactsAcoustic shadowing and its causesPosterior acoustic enhancement usesMirror image and refraction artifactsAnisotropy in tendons and nervesTechniques to reduce unwanted artifactsLesson 8Image Quality Check Steps: Test Block/QA Basics and Fast Pre-Scan Checks on Real Patients (Preset Load, Probe Link, Gel, Sweep)This part sets out regular image quality checks with test blocks and quick pre-scan actions on patients. It includes QA basics, checking presets, probe links, gel application, and sweep tests before imaging for diagnosis.
Phantom types and QA test basicsChecking depth, gain, and resolutionVerifying probe selection and cablesGel application and contact assessmentQuick sweep for global image reviewLesson 9Doppler Settings and Fine-Tuning: PRF/Scale, Baseline, Wall Filter, Gain, Angle Effects, Sample Spot PositioningThis part centres on fine-tuning Doppler settings like PRF or scale, baseline, wall filter, gain, angle, and sample spot. Students will practise cutting signal wrapping and noise while keeping true spectrum details.
Setting PRF or scale to avoid aliasingBaseline shifts and display choicesWall filter to remove low-frequency noiseDoppler gain and noise managementInsonation angle and angle correctionSample volume size and placementLesson 10Probe Types and Build: Linear, Curved (Convex), Phased Array, Internal Cavity; Size and Medical UsesThis part explains choosing and using linear, curved, phased array, and internal cavity probes. It stresses probe size, frequency span, build basics, and fitting each probe type to particular medical needs.
Piezoelectric elements and housingLinear array footprint and indicationsCurved array for abdominal and OB usePhased array for cardiac and intercostalEndocavitary probes and safetyProbe care, handling, and damage signs
