Lesson 1Integration of reversible causes (Hs and Ts) into resuscitation and targeted diagnosticsThis part stresses spotting and treating fixable arrest causes via the Hs and Ts method, combining on-site tests, focused treatments, and ongoing checks to fix root issues and enhance revival success in prehospital care.
Systematic review of Hs and Ts causesBedside clues to hypoxia and hypovolemiaRecognizing acidosis, hypo/hyperkalemiaIdentifying tension pneumothorax and tamponadeSuspecting toxins, thrombosis, and traumaUsing ultrasound and labs to guide treatmentLesson 2Defibrillation protocols: PAD, immediate analysis, shock intervals, energy settingsThis part covers safe and effective shocking procedures, including public access defibrillator use, quick rhythm checks, deciding on shockable rhythms, energy choices for different devices, shock timing, and reducing pauses before and after shocks in emergency scenarios.
Indications for defibrillation in cardiac arrestPAD setup, pad placement, and safety checksImmediate rhythm analysis and shock decisionsEnergy settings for biphasic and monophasicCoordinating shocks with ongoing compressionsPost-shock rhythm reassessment and actionsLesson 3Vascular access and medication delivery: IV/IO placement, drug selection, dosing, timing for epinephrine, amiodarone/lidocaineThis part explains setting up IV or IO lines during arrest, picking suitable spots and tools, choosing and measuring revival drugs, timing for epinephrine and heart rhythm drugs, and ensuring safe, precise drug giving and recording in the field.
Choosing IV versus IO access during arrestIV and IO insertion sites and techniquesEpinephrine dosing and timing by rhythmAmiodarone and lidocaine indicationsFlushing, infusion, and line patency checksMedication tracking and double-check systemsLesson 4Immediate scene management and 60-second primary actions (scene safety, call for help, BLS chain activation)This part details the first minute on scene, focusing on responder safety, fast cardiac arrest spotting, starting basic life support, early emergency call, and quick life-saving steps to avoid delays in CPR and shocking in Namibian emergencies.
Scene safety and personal protective equipmentRapid assessment of responsiveness and breathingActivating EMS and BLS response systemsPositioning patient and preparing for CPRCoordinating bystanders during first minuteLesson 5High-performance BLS: compression rate, depth, hand placement, minimizing interruptionsThis part concentrates on top-quality basic life support, covering right compression speed, depth, chest bounce-back, hand spots, cutting pauses, adding breaths, switching compressors, and using feedback tools to improve blood flow during arrest.
Optimal compression rate and depth targetsCorrect hand placement and body mechanicsEnsuring full chest recoil and avoiding leaningMinimizing pauses and managing rhythm checksCoordinating compressions with ventilationsUsing CPR feedback devices and metronomesLesson 6Cardiac rhythm recognition and algorithm application: VF/VT, PEA, asystole decision pathwaysThis part teaches spotting main arrest rhythms like VF, pulseless VT, PEA, and asystole, and using advanced life support steps, combining rhythm checks, shock choices, drug timing, and constant rechecks in a planned way for better outcomes.
ECG features of VF and pulseless VTIdentifying PEA and true asystoleShockable versus nonshockable pathwaysTiming rhythm checks with compressionsIntegrating drugs into rhythm algorithmsCommon rhythm interpretation pitfallsLesson 7Advanced airway management in ALS: indications, sequence (OPA/NPA, SAD, endotracheal intubation), confirmation and continuous waveform capnographyThis part discusses advanced airway options in advanced life support, covering when to use, step-by-step OPA, NPA, supraglottic tools, tube insertion methods, checking with ongoing capnography, and fixing airway problems in prehospital settings.
Selecting basic versus advanced airway devicesOPA and NPA sizing, insertion, and pitfallsSupraglottic airway placement and fixationEndotracheal intubation steps and safetyWaveform capnography for tube confirmationManaging airway obstruction and dislodgementLesson 8Termination of resuscitation: criteria, documentation, family communication, and safe handover to emergency departmentThis part explains when and how to end revival efforts, including medical and legal rules, proper recording, kind family talks, and safe team handovers to hospital emergency units in Namibian prehospital care.
Field and in-hospital termination criteriaAssessing futility and likelihood of survivalRequired medical and legal documentationCommunicating death and prognosis to familiesCoordinating handover with emergency departmentLesson 9Team roles, closed-loop communication, leadership during resuscitation, task allocation and timingThis part builds strong revival teams, stressing clear job assignments, closed-loop talks, leader actions, task order, timing of key steps, and reviews to better performance and patient results in emergencies.
Assigning clear roles before and during arrestPrinciples of closed-loop communicationLeadership behaviors under high stressCoordinating tasks and intervention timingManaging conflicts and cognitive overloadStructured post-event debriefing methods
