Lesson 1Fuel storage and distribution depots: evaporation, loading/unloading, fugitive leaks, combustion sources and typical pollutantsThis part looks at emissions from fuel storage and distribution sites, covering tank breathing losses, loading and unloading, fugitive leaks, and on-site burning, focusing on VOC and air toxics patterns.
Aboveground and underground storage tanksWorking, breathing, and standing lossesTruck and rail loading rack emissionsFugitive leaks from valves and fittingsOn-site combustion and flare emissionsLesson 2Emission factors and inventories: using EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry-specific emission factor sources for estimating ratesThis part shows how to use EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry-specific emission factors to estimate source strengths, covering activity data, time allocation, uncertainty, and records for urban emission lists.
Structure and use of EPA AP-42 factorsMOVES for on-road and nonroad sourcesIndustry-specific and vendor factor sourcesSelecting activity data and temporal profilesUncertainty, QA, and documentationLesson 3Characterization of traffic sources: vehicle types, fleet composition, diesel vs gasoline, congestion effectsThis part describes traffic emissions by vehicle class, fuel type, fleet age, and operating conditions, pointing out congestion, cold starts, and driving cycles that affect pollutant patterns in mixed-use areas.
Vehicle classes and fleet compositionGasoline versus diesel emission patternsCold starts, hot soaks, and idlingCongestion, speed, and driving cyclesBrake, tire, and road dust emissionsLesson 4Practical methods to survey local sources: traffic counts, facility inventories, permit databases, and field reconnaissance reportsThis part gives practical ways to find and measure local sources, including traffic counts, facility lists, permit databases, and field checks, stressing data quality and area coverage.
Designing traffic count campaignsCompiling facility and land-use inventoriesUsing air permit and compliance databasesField reconnaissance and source mappingIntegrating multiple local data sourcesLesson 5Pollutant-species mapping: PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, benzene, formaldehyde, NH3, and ozone precursorsThis part connects common urban sources to key pollutant types, including PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, air toxics, NH3, and ozone precursors, aiding speciation profiles and receptor modelling.
Primary versus secondary pollutant conceptsPM2.5 and PM10 source contribution patternsNOx, SO2, and CO emission linkagesVOCs, benzene, and formaldehyde sourcesNH3 and ozone precursor source rolesLesson 6Emissions from light industry: metalworking, printing processes, solvent use and typical pollutant profilesThis part examines emissions from light industry like metalworking, printing, and solvent use, focusing on operating conditions, control methods, and pollutant patterns relevant to urban mixed-use neighbourhoods.
Metal cutting, welding, and surface preparationPrinting presses, inks, and cleaning operationsSolvent degreasing and coating applicationsTypical VOC, PM, and air toxics profilesEmission controls and good work practicesLesson 7Operational reasons for emissions: combustion processes, evaporation, abrasion, fugitive leaks, and secondary formation mechanismsThis part reviews processes that cause emissions, including burning, evaporation, abrasion, fugitive leaks, and secondary formation, connecting physical processes to pollutant types and control options.
Combustion stages and flame conditionsEvaporation from liquids and surfacesMechanical abrasion and wear processesFugitive leaks from equipment componentsAtmospheric secondary pollutant formationLesson 8Residential and commercial combustion: heating, cooking, small boilers and associated emissionsThis part covers burning in homes and businesses, including space heating, water heating, and cooking, explaining fuel choices, appliance types, operating patterns, and resulting gas and particle emissions in urban areas.
Space and water heating technologiesGas, oil, biomass, and electric cookingSmall boilers and packaged heating unitsCombustion chemistry and pollutant formationIndoor-outdoor emission pathways
